طراحی و تبیین مدل توسعه گردشگری جنگ با تاکید بر آثار فرهنگی و هنری اسرای جنگی ایران در اردوگاه های عراق (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از موثرترین روش های آشناسازی نسل های آینده با دستاوردهای جنگ، ایجاد و توسعه فضاهایی مثل باغ موزه دفاع مقدس و نمایش آثار فرهنگی-هنری جنگ برای گردشگران می باشد. آثار فرهنگی تولید شده اسرای جنگی ایران در اردوگاه های عراق می تواند یکی از این جاذبه های اثربخش باشد. لذا هدف تحقیق حاضر، توسعه گردشگری جنگ با استفاده از آثار فرهنگی و هنری اسرای جنگی ایران در اردوگاه های عراق می باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل 243 آزاده است که از میان آنان با 20 نفر (به عنوان نمونه آماری بخش اول پژوهش)، مصاحبه به عمل آمد همچنین جهت بررسی تاثیر آثار فرهنگی و هنری اسرای جنگی بر جذب گردشگر سه نوع پرسشنامه محقق ساخت تنظیم شد. سپس با اجرای برنامه هایی از قبیل نمایش آثار فرهنگی هنری تولید شده توسط اسرای جنگی، پخش فیلم و سخنرانی، پرسشنامه های مذکور در اختیار مردم (یک نمونه 384 نفری به عنوان نمونه آماری بخش دوم پژوهش)، قرار گرفت. برای آزمون فرضیه ها از روش مدل معادلات ساختاری استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که آثار فرهنگی و هنری اسرای جنگی ایران در اردوگاه های عراق به صورت مستقیم و در سطح بالایی بر ترویج، توسعه و جذب گردشگر تاثیر دارد.An Explanation of the Design of Tourism Development Model with an Emphasis on Cultural Heritage and Art of the Iranian POWs in Iraqi Camps
ExtendedIntroduction Today, tourism is an important source of income in the world and at the same time a contributing factor to cultural exchanges between nations. Since the Increase and diversification of tourism in the world, as of the 1990s, a new genre called "dark tourism" was added as a common tourism. While a large part of tourism literature studies focus on marketing, consumption and supply entertainment purposes, happy and fun tourism, some researchers and writers sore in search of antitheses tourism tragedy, death and war. The war tourism in the twentieth century is one of the major subdivisions in dark tourism. Studies show that millions of tourists each year from around the world visit the historic sites related to the war. Supply and demand for such tourism is a concept quite peaceful, although they have commercial and political goals in them. So works related to the remains of war in today's world has the potential to become an important motivational factor in tourism. It is anticipated that tourism in the 21st century is not only an important subset in dark tourism but also one of the most popular in the world will (Smith, 1998). As a potential for development in the Iranians provinces engaged with the imposed war, War tourism enjoys a special status. After 28 years of the end of war, its effects can be seen around the border towns. War-zone fronts and monuments of martyrs of the Sacred Defense Museum garden are still in existence and a reminder of the courage and bravery of youth and commanders of this ancient land and in the meantime. Artistic and cultural works produced by former prisoners in the camps of Iraq have the capacity to attract tourists as other remnants of war that attracts many tourists. Methodology This research is descriptive and correlational and to evaluate the impact of cultural and artistic works of Iranian POWs on attracting tourists three types of questionnaires were prepared. Then, with programs such as Art exhibition produced by prisoners of war, playing videos and lectures among tourists, the questionnaires were distributed among them (a sample of 384). The data from the questionnaires were used to test and evaluate the impact of various factors on the development of tourism in the form of hypotheses that have been formulated. In this study, to analyze the validity assessment, confirmatory factor variables was employed and to test hypotheses, the structural equation modeling was used. Discussion and conclusion Based on the background of the mentioned research and considering the fact that no specialized study has been conducted on the cultural and artistic works of the …… and its impact on tourist attraction, the results can be a good source for future studies of Tourism Development Management. The results of the analysis showed that the first hypothesis is confirmed and the impact of cultural factors on the promotion, development and direct absorption of tourists and has been set at a high level. Also, the interrelationship of the cultural factors are confirmed. Out of the four factors, holding religious classes stands on the top of the list. Exhibiting other cultural media earns the second place, holding scientific courses earns the third rank and sociocultural programs stands on the fourth place. As a result, the intended ….. Is confirmed and the four factors have significant impact on the cultural variables. The second hypothesis results show that this hypothesis is and the art factors have direct high level impact on the promotion, development and attraction of tourists. Among the four components related to the development and absorption of tourists , holding art courses earns the first place, exhibiting artifacts earns the second place, exhibiting the necessary hand-made facilities earns the third place and showing the creativity earns the fourth place. As the model of the research is confirmed, we can claim that the development and attraction of tourists will be enhanced by boosting the cultural and artistic factors. Keywords: Tourism, the Development of War Tourism, Cultural and Artistic Works, Prisoners of War, Iraqi Camps. References : Gunn, C.A. (2002). Tourism P lanning : Concepts, Basics cases, New york and london: Routledge, pp. 8-9. Nabavichashmi, Syed Razi (2016). Quoted directly from the Nabavichashmi - Seyed Razi, D irect I nterview about his T ime in P rison . Razeghi N., Fyrvzjayyan, A.A., Sharifi Moghadam, P. and Hashemian, B. (2014). War tourism: travel qualitative analysis of the light path to operational areas. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development , 5(17): 97-114. Richards, G. (2002). Torism and the world of Culture and Heritage, T ourism Receration Research, 25(1): 9-17. Sadqlv, T. (2016). Motivational factors contributing to tourism war (Item Khuzestan province, Volume 5, Issue 16, spring 216, page), Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 188-208. Smith, V. (1998). War and Tourism, an American Ethnography, Annals of Tourism , 25(1): 202 - 227.
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