Mindfulness

The aim of this study is investigate the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Emotional, Psychological, and Social Well-being in 12th grade students in Tehran city. The research method is semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study includes all 12th grade students of the 12th district of Tehran city in the academic year of 2018 to 2019. From the mentioned population, 60 students had earned low scores in three dimensions of Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire of Keyes and Magyar-Moe (2003) by using random sampling method and they were selected and randomly assigned into 2 experimental and control groups. Then experimental groups were received a Mindfulness protocol in 8 sessions during 2 hours. After completion of the sessions, all subjects were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings of this study showed that in the emotional well-being aspect with the components of positive emotional affection and negative emotions , in the psychological well-being of the components Self-esteem, life goal, environmental domination, relationships with others , personal development with, and in the social well-being aspect, the correlation coefficients with , admission and acceptability with and realism with, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups and it can be said that the education of mindfulness affects the improvement of components of psychological, social and emotional well-being in students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Stress Coping Skills Training on Mindfulness of Female students. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Sixty-nine students were selected from among the girls of the 9th grade in Tehran during the academic year of 2017-18 and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer & et al., 2006) was performed in the pre-test phase and after training the skills of confronting stress with the experimental group, the questionnaire was repeated on both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance). Findings: The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, the mind-consciousness scores of the experimental group significantly increased in the post-test phase. The results show that the teaching of skills to confront mind-tone stress increases students' awareness. Learning these skills will increase the decentralization and dare of students' exposure to stressful thoughts, which leads to higher awareness. Also, stress coping skills lead to cognitive reform and the ability to manage themselves, and subsequently their minds increase. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that teaching strategies for coping with stressful situations are an effective way to increase students' mindfulness.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Self-compassion and precompetitive anxiety among female athlete students.Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. Two hundred and fifty-three female students (140 taekwondo & 113 karate) were selected among athletes present at the 14th Student Cultural Sports Olympiad. Self-compassion Scale and Competitive State Anxiety–2 were used in this study before competing in games to measure the aforementioned theoretical constructs.Results: The obtained results revealed a significant relationship between pre-competitive anxiety and Self-compassion. Moreover, the components of this characteristic positively predicted self-confidence variance; however, this prediction reversed with somatic and cognitive anxiety.Conclusion: Based on the current study results, Self-compassion plays a moderating role in the pre-competitive anxiety of female martial arts athletes. Therefore, improving this characteristic should be considered to promote self-confidence and reduce the pre-competitive anxiety in these athletes.

The family is the most important element of society and therefore the health of the family depends on the relationship between husband and wife and one of the most important issues between couples is the issue of sexual satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training in improving sexual satisfaction in married women. The present study was a quasi-experimental method with a control and experimental group. The study population was all married women aged 25 to 40 years in Sirjan. The sample size was 30 women in experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The sampling method was available by sampling method. The method of data collection was sexual satisfaction questionnaire and the experimental group was trained in mindfulness training in 8 sessions of 60 minutes. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results of the research hypothesis showed that mindfulness increases sexual satisfaction among married women.

Few studies have examined the influence of cognitive therapy on schemas in women with psychological disorders. This study explores the effect of mindfulness therapy on early maladaptive schemas of behavioural mistrust and the abandonment instability of 60 women with depression who had been referred to a psychological clinic. The methodology of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. All participants were randomly placed into experimental (30 individuals) and control (30 individuals) groups and answered Young's Early maladaptive schema questionnaire before and after the treatments. The experimental group received a cognitive intervention program based on mindfulness therapy during eight sessions (90 minutes). Covariance analysis was conducted, and the result indicated the positive effect of mindfulness therapy on the experimental group, not the control group. The result suggested that mindfulness treatment positively affects the early maladaptive schemas of behavioural mistrust and abandonment instability in women with depression

Mental health is one of the aspects of health. Students of each community are considered the upcoming generation of the community. The aim of this research was to predicting psychological wellbeing from mindfulness and resiliency among adolescents.Research method was descriptive in the form of correlation and research population consisted of all students in Kohgiluyeh province. Using randomized cluster sampling method, a total of 366 students were selected. Participants completed the Baer et al Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB). Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics indices including Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression .Finding showed that there was no significant difference between girls and boys in Mindfulness, resiliency and psychological wellbeing variables. Total score of Mindfulness and psychological wellbeing showed positive significant correlation. Resiliency and psychological wellbeing had a positive significant correlation. Mindfulness Dimensions predicted 69% and resiliency predicted 64% of variance of psychological wellbeing. With regard to these findings, we can conclude that mindfulness and resiliency are the factors contributing to the prediction of psychological wellbeing in students. Based on the results of this study, psychologists and school counselors can have psychological well-being to improve their psychological well-being on the basis of their resiliency and mindfulness to provide educational and therapeutic interventions .</strong>

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between differentiations of self with social anxiety with the mediating role of mindfulness in obese women of Tehran city. Statistical analysis: The statistical population of this study was all women clients to Ayat Health Center in Tehran with BMI>_ 30 had active file by Clinic expert. The sample consisted of 103 clients, selected by simple random sampling method. The tools used in this study were social phobia, differentiation of self and mindfulness Questionnaires. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), using SPSS-18 version and Lisrel software. Findings: Mindfulness has mediating role in relation between differentiations of self with social anxiety. The proposed model also fitted well with the data. Conclusion: Considering the important role of mindfulness in reducing social anxiety, it seems that mindfulness education should be considered in the educational programs of health houses and health centers.

Background & Objective: The majority of cancer patients have a poor quality of life. It seems mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy can improve quality of life in these patients. Therefore this study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy in improving quality of life among patients with cancer. Materials & Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research conducted by pre- and post-testing. The sample population consisted of 30 cancer patients selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed in two groups of experimental and control (15 individuals per group). All subjects completed the quality of life questionnaire in the two stages of pre-test and post-test. The findings were analyzed by the SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance tests. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the control and the experimental group and that mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy had a significant effect in improving quality of life in the members of the experimental group (p< 0/01). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be proposed that it is necessary for therapeutic centers and support forums related to refractory patients to use mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy in their plans to improve patients’ quality of life.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy on improving meta-cognitive beliefs in preventing the relapse of women consuming stimulants has been done. Method: The design of this study is experimental with pre-test and post-test with the control group was followed by the follow-up phase. The statistical population of this study included all women who consumed stimulants from eighteen to forty years referring to the Hamgam sazan Addiction treatment Center in Tehran Province in 1396 among which thirty individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. Availability sampling was selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups of each 15 individuals. The 90-minute treatment session was trained by the mindfulness method. However, the control group received no training. (MCQ) in both pre-test and post-test stages were completed by both groups. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis and soft aided SPSS software was used for data analysis. After three months, both groups were followed up. Results: Results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of metacognitive post-test scores in the experimental and control groups. Mindfulness training has improved metacognition in preventing relapse in women who use stimulants. Conclusion: The findings of this study in general indicate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy training on improving metacognitive beliefs in preventing the relapse of women consuming stimulants. Therefore, such sessions are recommended in drug addiction treatment centers and clinics.

Objective: some recent evidences have been recently achieved on the beneficial effects of mindfulness based on stress reduction on stress reduction and perceived anxiety and thus improve mental disorders caused by stress. Because women-headed households are one of the groups in the society that need to be studied because of the progressive problems they are experiencing as one of the most affected sections of society, the present study attempted to assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction on improvement of the decreased perceived stress and symptoms of depression among this group. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest approach and following-up included 400 women aged 25 to 50 years female-headed households covered by Ilam City Relief Committee. The population was randomly divided into control and experimental groups and the preserved stress and depression situations were assessed using the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory II respectively. Mindfulness-based stress reduction was implemented as an 8-week training program and all subjects were reassessed after intervention completion. Results: The baseline characteristics of study subjects in two groups were similar. The mean preserved stress and depression scores improved both significantly in the experiment group after intervention as well as within the follow-up time, however the pointed changes were not revealed in control group. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based approach to stress reduction had a positive effect on perceived stress and depression symptoms in female-headed households

Objective: <span class="fontstyle2">This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: <span class="fontstyle2">The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all members of the MS Society of Iran located in Tehran in 2019, and the sample consisted of 60 members of the Association who were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (15 people for each group). All four groups were tested by DASS-21 scale, and then the experimental groups underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy in 12 Two-hour sessions for 12 weeks, but the control group did not receive any training. Analysis was performed using SPSS22 in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: <span class="fontstyle2">The results of analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been effective on reducing stress (f= 110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also it was shown that logo therapy was effective on stress (f= 264.60, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 175, p <0,001), and depression (f= 305.07, p <0,001), and schema therapy was effective on reducing stress (f=110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also, the comparison of means showed that in the variables of stress, anxiety, and depression, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective. Conclusions: <span class="fontstyle2">The findings of this study confirmed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Drug addiction is one of the four worldwide crises of the third millennium, at the forefront of risks and societal ills, and one of the most severe challenges confronting today's societies, particularly ours. The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of mindfulness on drug craving, stress, and cortisol levels in Mashhad-based males who used crystal meth. Method: Pre- and post-tests with a control group were the sort of quasi-experimental study used. The statistical population comprised all males who used crystal meth, which was sent to the Ofogh Rah-e Sabz addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, from which 30 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups using accessible sampling methods (15 people in each group). They answered the Holmes and Rahe stress questionnaire in addition to the Somoza et al. cravings questionnaire. And their urine was examined to determine cortisol levels. The experimental group got eight sessions of mindfulness treatment, whereas the control group received no treatment. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine the research data. Results: The findings indicated that mindfulness lowered cravings and stress while increasing cortisol levels (p<0/001). Conclusion:According to the results, mindfulness-based interventions may be utilized with medical therapy for methamphetamine addicts.

Objective: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience negative emotions. Considering the importance of these emotions and their significant impact on mental health of women with HIV, and also considering the gap of information in this regard, this study aimed to assess the effect of compassion-focused therapy on mindfulness and rumination in women with HIV. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test phases, and a control group. Sixty women with HIV were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received nine 90-min sessions of compassion-focused therapy, held once a week. The instruments used included the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). The questionnaires were filled-out by patients in both the experimental and control groups in two stages before and after the intervention. Results: According to the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), compassion-focused therapy significantly increased the mindfulness dimensions (observing, non-judging, non-reactivity to inner experience) in the experimental group, compared with the control group at post-test (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of rumination-reflection.Conclusion: It appears that compassion-focused therapy would be effective in increasing the mindfulness dimensions in women with HIV.

The present article experimentally studied the impact of mindfulness-cultivating intervention on various dimensions of learning. The mindfulness-cultivation techniques employed in the experimental group involved observance of all experience, analyzing, planning, judging, reasoning, and fantasizing (van Vreeswijk, et al., 2014). Furthermore, Pirson et al.’s (2012) contention that mindfulness encompasses four facets of attributes:; novelty producing, novelty seeking, engagement, and flexibility informed the selection of techniques. Learners’ level of proficiency was checked before the treatment. Before and after the treatment, three questionnaires were employed: 1) Langer Mindfulness Scale 2) Reflective thinking questionnaire 3) Positivity Scale. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results demonstrated, approximately 50 percent of variance in reflective thinking was predicted by these techniques. Furthermore, the results via independent samples t -test demonstrated that positive orientation and language achievement promoted in the experimental group, thus implying that the intervention executed in the experimental group was effective in enhancing these two factors as well.

INTRODUCTION: It is an indisputable fact that people who live in societies will always need each other. In this regard, the members of a society should try to decrease the problems and difficulties of the community by participating in voluntary services. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of self-efficacy with mindfulness and empathy in volunteers of the Red Crescent society in Saveh, Iran. METHODS: This practical study was conducted based on a descriptive-survey method. The population included 100 experts and key members of the Sistan and Baluchistan Crisis Management Coordination Council. In total 80 cases were selected using Cochran's formula and purposive (snowball) sampling method. The data were collected through a 46-item researcher-made questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated at 0.94 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which indicated acceptable reliability of this scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through multiple regression to evaluate the research hypotheses. FINDINGS: Based on the results, mindfulness (P<0.05, r=0.468) and expressive empathy (P<0.01, r=0.207) had a positive and significant relationship with self-efficacy; however, empathy did not have a relationship with other variables. Moreover, out of the subscales of empathy, empathy for others (P<0.05, r=-0.138) and control (P<0.01, r=-0.210) had a negative relationship with self-efficacy. The mindfulness variable was significant in the prediction of self-efficacy (F=25.353) which explains about 21.8% of the variance of the criterion variable. Moreover, the component of emotional stability was significant in the prediction of self-efficacy (F=16.379) which explains about 5% of the variance of the criterion variable. Therefore, with a coefficient of determination of 51.7% the changes in self-efficacy are explained by mindfulness and the component of emotional stability. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, the variables of mindfulness and the component of emotional stability can significantly predict self-efficacy. Furthermore, mindfulness with a beta of 0.467 had the greatest effect on self-efficacy.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to present a model of psychological well-being based on the components of psychological capital and psychological flexibility by mediating role of mindfulness. Methodology : This study is a descriptive research and subjects are composed of 350 masters' students of psychology from Islamic Azad University in Tehran that are selected using ‘stratified random sampling proportional to size’ method. In this method, from each unit of the university, a sample was selected independently and proportional to size of that unit. The participants responded to psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989), psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans et al, 2007), Acceptance and action Inventory (Bond et al, 2011) and Mindfulness Questionnaire (Buchheld et al, 2006). Data are analyzed using path analysis through LISERL 8.8. Finding: The results show that cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy, resiliency and mindfulness directly predict psychological well-being (P<0.01), and on the other hand, cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resiliency indirectly predict psychological well-being by mediating role of mindfulness (P<0.01). Conclusion: So a program can be developed to enhance cognitive flexibility and components of psychological capital and mindfulness, through which students’ level of psychological well-being would be improved. This study was applied in terms of objective and combined. 

Coronavirus pandemic has caused people a lot of anxiety in the past two years. The present study aims at predicting Coronavirus anxiety level based on mindfulness and resilience. It is applied research in terms of the goal; and methodologically, it is descriptive correlational research. Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) as well as The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISD) are employed to gather the data. The participants of the study include all Rahman Institute of Higher Education students in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 260 (147 male and 113 female) students are chosen based on convenience sampling for whom the questionnaires are administered on-line. Statistical data analysis is based on regression analysis. The results of the multiple liner regression show that 12 percent of variance in COVID 19 anxiety is related to two of the mindfulness facets as observing and acting with awareness (p<0.01). Additionally, 19.6 percent of variance in COVID 19 anxiety is determined by mindfulness. Therefore, it is concluded that the facet of observing and resilience are related to less COVID 19 anxiety and acting with awareness is in connection with more COVID 19 anxiety in people  

Objective: The present study conducted to investigate the role of anxiety mediation in the relationship between psychological capital and mindfulness in obese candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods: The study method was a descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the research included all women candidates referred to Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in the year 1400 (March 21, 2021 – March 20, 2022) for minimal invasive bariatric surgery. Among them, a number of 250 women were selected as samples through convenience non-random sampling. The research tools were Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al. 2007), Freiburg’s Mindfulness Inventory - short form (Wallach et al. 2006) and Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (Beck et al. 1993). Structural equation modeling was used for analyzing the data. The gathered data were analyzed using two statistical analysis software SPSS Version 26 and LISREL Version 8.8. Results:  The results showed that the fit indices are in acceptable level and the suggested model has optimum fit index. Conclusion: Considering the important role of mindfulness and anxiety in predicting the psychological capital, trainings and interventions aiming increase in mindfulness and decrease in anxiety should be included in preoperative plans dedicated for bariatric surgery candidate.

The purpose of this study was to research the subjective experiences of an athlete during practice match competitions and to examine the potential usefulness of an adapted MAC intervention in addressing the emotional difficulties of the athlete. We investigated the usefulness of a 12-session MAC program altered for educational purposes and presented data as a case study. The case study suggested that the athlete experienced a multitude of anxiety while practicing match competitions; the athlete typically avoided these emotional difficulties and engaged in avoidant behaviors; an adapted MAC approach for educational purposes could be helpful to help the athletes accept private events, commit to performance-related behaviors, and engage more frequently to performance under pressure. More could be done to address the needs of athletes experiencing performance anxiety beyond the structure of our 12-session educational intervention. We concluded that the MAC-based intervention, to a certain extent, educated the athlete about how to meet the challenges of performance difficulties, commit to values-driven behavior, and exhibit behaviors that would potentially permit optimal performance.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnosis of employees' mental absence and to provide a suitable model for the Iranian Tobacco Company. Method : This research was conducted with a qualitative-inductive approach and the method of Strauss-Corbin's grounded theory. The research tool (data collection) is a semi-structured interview that analyzes the data obtained from interviews with 10 qualified elites and experts of the Iranian Tobacco Company in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding in ATLAS TI software using the grounded theory method. Findings : 13 general categories in the form of a paradigm model in which these factors include causal conditions (individual factors; factors of group behavior; organizational factors; environmental factors), axial phenomenon (diagnosis of the mental absence of employees), contextual conditions (environmental and physical context), intervening conditions (individual factors ), and strategies (organizational strategy; job-related strategy; career development strategy), and consequences (individual outcomes; effectiveness; group outcomes) were identified. Conclusion : In a business environment with digital disruption from competitors and customers who have more choices through the availability of digital applications and information, it is important to ensure that organizations can quickly understand and adapt to new information. The need for mindfulness and control of mental absence is a prerequisite for digital transformation.