Rumination

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy on Depression and Rumination after a romantic breakup. The present study was carried out using the single-case quasi-experimental method and a simple baseline method. For this purpose, three female participants were selected through targeted sampling and they were treated through an individual Compassion-focused Therapy (CFT) during eight 90-min sessions. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Rumination (RRS) questionnaires in the baseline stage (pre-treatment) during the second, fourth, sixth and eighth sessions, and in the one-month follow-up stage. Moreover, in the pre-treatment stage, the participants completed the Love Trauma Inventory (LTI) and the MMPI-2RF questionnaires to identify the severity of disturbance after breakup and to detect the serious disorder in axis, respectively. Then they were interviewed in order to identify their personality disorder. For data analysis, clinical significance method and the recovery percentage index were used. The results showed that compassion-focused therapy has a significant effect on the reduction of Depression and mental Rumination. The percentage of non-overlap data (PND) on the Depression Scale was 100 for the first and second participants and 75 for the third participant; it was 100 on the rumination scale for all three participants. The rate of recovery of depression in the first, second, third participant was 65%, 72%, 25%, the rumination rate in the first, second, third participant was 47%, 42%, 33%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that people who experienced a breakup after a compassion-focused therapy look at themselves with a new and compassionate look at their own.

Purpose: Extreme dependence on virtual social networks has devastating consequences such as academic underachievement, sleep disorder, and social isolation, clearly highlighting the need for research in this area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rumination, social support, loneliness and social anxiety on dependence on virtual social networks with an emphasis on the mediating role of self-regulation. Methodology: The statistical population included all female upper secondary school students in Tehran who studied in the academic year of 2017-18. Six hundred (600) students were selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Research data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that the model had a good fit. Also the direct and indirect effects of social anxiety and social support, as well as the direct impact of loneliness on the dependence on virtual social networks, are rejected at the alpha level of 0/05 and are not significant. Discussion: Rumination and self-regulation variables were significant in direct effect. Rumination and loneliness variables were also significantly correlated with self-regulation mediation in indirect effect.

The aim of this study investigation to  the mediating function of rumination in the relationship between social support, psychological hardiness, and intolerance of indecision with corona anxiety. The present study was a descriptive correlation with equation structural analysis. The sample of that choose in Ardabil city, in which 300 people participated in the research online and through virtual networks. Questionnaires of rumination, uncertainty intolerance, corona anxiety, social support and psychological hardiness were used to gather data.. Analysis were performed using equation structural modeling and SPSS. The results indicate that direction routes of social support, psychological hardiness, and intolerance to corona anxiety were significant (p

Objective: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience negative emotions. Considering the importance of these emotions and their significant impact on mental health of women with HIV, and also considering the gap of information in this regard, this study aimed to assess the effect of compassion-focused therapy on mindfulness and rumination in women with HIV. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test phases, and a control group. Sixty women with HIV were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received nine 90-min sessions of compassion-focused therapy, held once a week. The instruments used included the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). The questionnaires were filled-out by patients in both the experimental and control groups in two stages before and after the intervention. Results: According to the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), compassion-focused therapy significantly increased the mindfulness dimensions (observing, non-judging, non-reactivity to inner experience) in the experimental group, compared with the control group at post-test (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of rumination-reflection.Conclusion: It appears that compassion-focused therapy would be effective in increasing the mindfulness dimensions in women with HIV.

  COVID-19 has shown a high rate of spread and a high death rate. This disease puts the mental health of people in a different social class at risk. The present study was a comparison of meta-worry, rumination and cognitive distortions in COVID-19 pations recovered and normal individuals. Causal-comparative model was hired in the present study. The population of this study included all COVID-19 patients recovered as well as normal people referring to Tonekabon health centers in the period of July and August 2021, of which 120 people were selected according to conveniense sampling. The research instruments were meta-worry Questionnaire (MWQ), the ruminative response scale (RRS) and cognitive distortions scale (CDS). To analyze the collected data, a MANOVA was run using SPSS-24 software. Data analysis reveal that there were differences between meta-worry, mental rumination and cognitive distortions in the two groups of people who recovered from COVID-19 and normal people; those who recovered from COVID-19 indicated more meta-worry, mental rumination and cognitive distortions than normal people. It can be said that based on the results of this research indicating the higher level of rumination, cognitive distortion and meta-worry in people recovered from COVID-19, it is possible to reduce these variables by teaching adaptive strategies to recovered people to deal with meta- worry, rumination and cognitive distortion.

Rumination and worry are among the cognitive conflicts in many people. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of training metacognitive strategies on reducing rumination and worry. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 32 students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected based on the cut of point in the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) by purposive sampling method and were assigned in two experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. Metacognitive strategies were taught to the experimental group for 8 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training during this period. Data analysis was done using covariance analysis and SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that metacognitive therapy was able to significantly reduce rumination and worry in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Based on this finding, it can be concluded that training metacognitive strategies can be used effectively to reduce rumination and worry.