مطالب

Background: Metabolic diseases such as type 1 diabetes is considered the most important threat factor for cardiovascular complaint. Although the pathological mechanisms underpinning the development of T1D are delicate to define, better understanding of the molecular aspects is most important to identify new remedial targets.Aim: Evaluating of the effect of two selected resistance and recreational sport activities on microRNA-148a expression and some biomarkers in children with type 1 diabetes.Materials and Methods: Twenty type 1 diabetic children were assigned randomly to resistance exercise (RE), (n=10, age=12.6 years), and recreational sport activities (RSA), (n=10, age=12.4 years) groups. Participants engaged in an 8-week exercise training, 3 sessions/week. The miR-148-a, HbA1c, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels have been assessed before and after exercise interventions.Results: Following the exercise interventions, the concentration of miR-148-a exhibited a non-significant increase in both groups. Nevertheless, no significant differences were noted in the reduction of insulin resistance or in the levels of insulin itself (P≤ 0.05). The level of HbA1c decreased but the cardio-respiratory endurance of subjects increased.Conclusion: Both the resistance and recreational sport activities were effective to improve in cardiorespiratory fitness, diabetic markers, and miR-148a changes that seem to be indicative of the pathological status of type 1 diabetic children.

The Territorial conquests of the Medes, as Far East as Hyrcania, could be traced from the first half of the seventh century BC onwards. The first Median kings undertook far-flung campaigns to take control of the region and extend their territory. The existence of the fortified settlement in the Gorgān plain could prove the expansion of centralized Median kingdom as far as Hyrcania. The Assyrian sources of the 9th to 7th century BC are also in overall agreement with the results of the archeological studies in the western steppe of Gorgān plain (Hyrcania). As a result, the Median’s dominance over Hyrcania determined the strategies and political guidelines of the Median kingdom and set the foundations for its transformation from a confederation of tribes to a powerful trans-regional state. Accordingly, in the present paper, beside historical and literary sources, archaeological evidences have also been studied in order to determine the Median’s range of territory in the east of their homeland.

The aim of the research is to design a model of Support Management Information Systems for penetration strategies of Iranian beverages to international markets and validation it. In this research, a combination of interviews with three-stage coding of grounded theory and questionnaires; therefore, this research is mixed. The statistical population of this research includes experts in the field of marketing international products, and according to the research objective, the sampling in this research is purposeful. The sample size in this research was selected to be 10 people based on the snowball sampling method. The research findings identified 8 factors, including Market characteristics (market analysis and selection of target markets), product characteristics (production and packaging), marketing and branding strategies and advertising, cultural and social factors, market challenges and opportunities, management and organizational processes, distribution and sales network, and competitive pricing. ,. The research results showed that for success and penetration in international markets, Iranian beverage companies need to pay special attention to Market characteristics (market analysis and selection of target markets), product characteristics (production and packaging), marketing and branding strategies and advertising, cultural and social factors, market challenges and opportunities, management and organizational processes, distribution and sales network, and competitive pricing. ,. From competitive analysis and identifying market trends to developing new products and using natural materials, all these factors can help optimize marketing strategies. Furthermore, adapting to different cultures and understanding local needs can play a significant role in the success of marketing strategies. Additionally, the use of new technologies and optimization of managerial processes can improve customer relationship management and increase productivity. Ultimately, analyzing consumer behavior and identifying new opportunities can help identify and exploit market opportunities and lead to the sustainable growth and development of Iranian companies in international markets.

Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill for language learners, yet EFL students often encounter obstacles in developing this ability. Grounded in the sociocultural theory, the current study explored the impact of teacher interactional scaffolding and peer collaborative scaffolding on the reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners in a blended learning context. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating quantitative analysis of pre-and post-reading comprehension tests as well as qualitative examination of semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that both teacher interactional scaffolding and peer collaborative scaffolding significantly enhanced learners' reading comprehension. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two scaffolding approaches. Qualitative data analysis uncovered EFL learners' positive attitudes toward both forms of scaffolding, citing the dynamic support, collaborative problem-solving, and development of metacognitive skills as key benefits. The study underscores the pivotal role of scaffolding in facilitating EFL reading comprehension, with teacher interactional and peer collaborative scaffolding serving as complementary pedagogical strategies. Implications of this research include the need for EFL instructors to incorporate a judicious blend of teacher-led and peer-mediated scaffolding techniques to optimize learners' reading comprehension development. Additionally, the study highlights the adaptability of scaffolding approaches to blended learning environments, where the interactions between teachers, peers, and learners may necessitate innovative scaffolding implementations. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on the efficacy of sociocultural learning principles in enhancing EFL reading comprehension.

This study investigates the impact of Iranian EFL learners' motivational goal orientations on their behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement in the classroom. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the research involved 200 intermediate EFL learners from language schools in Iran, who completed the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), a Goal Orientation Survey, and a Student Engagement Questionnaire. The results show that mastery goal orientations, both approach and avoid, positively predict these engagement dimensions, while performance goal orientations do not significantly affect engagement. The findings highlight the importance of fostering mastery goals to enhance student engagement and improve language learning outcomes. The implications of this study suggest that educators should create a supportive learning environment that emphasizes mastery goals, thereby facilitating deeper engagement and better academic performance among EFL learners. This study investigates the impact of Iranian EFL learners' motivational goal orientations on their behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement in the classroom. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the research involved 200 intermediate EFL learners from language schools in Iran, who completed the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), a Goal Orientation Survey, and a Student Engagement Questionnaire. The results show that mastery goal orientations, both approach and avoid, positively predict these engagement dimensions, while performance goal orientations do not significantly affect engagement. The findings highlight the importance of fostering mastery goals to enhance student engagement and improve language learning outcomes. The implications of this study suggest that educators should create a supportive learning environment that emphasizes mastery goals, thereby facilitating deeper engagement and better academic performance among EFL learners.

Kazuo Ishiguro explores human emotions, trauma, and love in his novels, with memory playing a central role in shaping characters' identities. This study, drawing on Jan Assmann's cultural memory theory, investigates the role of memory in shaping individual and collective identities in Kazuo Ishiguro's A Pale View of Hills. The study explores how personal and cultural memories influence characters' perceptions, beliefs, and interactions, shaping their sense of self and societal integration. It highlights how suppressed memories, unresolved traumas, shared historical memories, and societal narratives contribute to identity formation. Characters in the novel navigate trauma, loss, and identity construction amidst cultural memory and spatial dislocation. The experiences of characters like Etsuko and Sachiko illustrate the crucial role of memory in shaping individual and collective identities. The study reveals the intricate interplay between personal and collective memory as depicted through Etsuko's reflections on past tragedies and societal contexts in the novel. Ishiguro's exploration of memory, trauma, and identity construction showcases the profound impact of memories on both personal and collective identities. The findings demonstrate how the past continues to shape the present and influence personal and shared cultural histories.