مطالب

Subsequently, teachers' perceptions of the concept of "Teaching to Transgress" in secondary schools were analyzed. The qualitative research approach and in particular the Phenomenographical strategy was used. The research field was secondary school teachers (government, normal, gifted, exemplary and non-selective) in Sanandaj city. Therefore, teachers of several secondary schools in the city were included as research participants. The sampling was done purposively. Finally, to achieve maximum diversity and to reach the category of theoretical data saturation with 16 teachers, the charter of semi-structured interviews and sending written questions to the teachers and their responses in the form of texts were continued. The method of data analysis was also carried out using the three-stage method of thematic analysis (open, central and selective).  The results of the study show that the components of transgression teaching in secondary schools are as follows engaging class, progressive teaching, teaching full of amazement, transformational education, valuing desire, enthusiasm in learning, changing the name and position of teachers, developing Students' sense of agency and creation with peers is learning. Also, the challenges teaching to Transgress included the violation of school arrangements, the academic decline of teachers and the school, and the deprivation of school management support. Finally, the consequences teaching to Transgress for schools include improving the status of knowledge based on new perspectives, revolution in educational culture, creating a diverse educational context, strengthening the relationship of teachers with marginalized and oppressed communities, the emergence of independent thinking and analysis, and evolution in evaluation and valuation.

Given the significant role of corrective feedback and individual differences in the process of foreign language acquisition, in the present study we set out to investigate the effect of direct and indirect corrective feedback on impulsive and reflective EFL learners’ writing accuracy. Sixty learners were selected and randomly assigned to three groups including two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received indirect feedback, the second experimental group received direct feedback, and the control group received no feedback. The instrument employed in this study to determine the impulsivity or reflectivity of the participants was Barratt's impulsiveness scale. Writing accuracy was scored by the scale provided by Karim and Nassaji. The results revealed that both direct and indirect corrective feedbacks were effective in reducing the written errors of all the earners. Moreover, no significant difference was found between direct and indirect corrective feedbacks in terms of increasing writing accuracy. Although there was no significant difference between the impulsive and reflective learners’ performance, the mean scores showed that the latter seemed to benefit more from indirect type of the feedback while their counterparts showed better performance after receiving direct feedback. The findings have implications for EFL teachers and learners.

Les diverses recherches effectuées sous l’étiquette de féminisme dans différents domaines d’étude, ayant un dénominateur commun, à savoir, la femme, sont fondées sur l'affirmation que les structures sociales et culturelles de tous les pays ont toujours opprimé les femmes physiquement, économiquement et mentalement et sur la conviction qu'il faut mettre un terme à une telle oppression. Or, ce label de féminisme donne lieu souvent à des divergences d’interprétation entre les personnes qui l’emploient. Le quiproquo se multiplie avec les termes «au féminin», «féminin» et «de femme», utilisés de nos jours dans de nombreuses expressions telles que «critique littéraire féminine/féministe» ou «éthique féminine/féministe», «littérature de femme/au féminin/ féminine/féministe» pour n’en citer que quelques exemples restreints. Quelle en est la différence? Toute qualification ‘féminine’ est forcément ‘féministe’ ou vice versa? Cet article se propose, dans une perspective généalogique et rétrospective, de cerner les contours et les évolutions de la pensée féministe, les orientations et les sensibilités qui en découlent. Pour ce faire, il faut savoir de prime abord de quoi se soucie le féminisme dans les différentes périodes de son cheminement, pour pouvoir ensuite déceler son évolution historique et théorique. Ce recul destiné à une clarification conceptuelle de la notion de recherche féministe s’avère nécessaire dans la mesure où il nous permettra de voir la manière dont les études féministes se sont construites en France; un champ d’études interdisciplinaire en sciences humaines, toujours en pleine essor.

A major party of generated energy is now used for heating and cooling buildings. Hence, it is beneficial to apply solutions that reduce the thermal load of buildings. However, solutions for energy consumption reduction always face barriers. Optimizing window proportions in energy consumption saving is highly influential in this case. The window is one of the main components that receives solar radiation energy but also serves as a thermal bridge transmitting energy from interior to exterior space. This s tudy inves tigates the climate conditions of Kashan. It determines materials as cons tant variables to examine the impact of southern window-to-floor area ratios on the thermal performance of settlements in hot and dry climates to achieve higher efficiency of this element using simulation of different models through EnergyPlus software. This s tudy then examines the cooling and heating load created in interior space considering variable elements of ratios, window elongation, and window-to-floor ratio, using single and double-glazed glass and its analysis considering meteorological data of this city using EnergyPLus software. Finally, the mos t optimum southern window-to-floor ratio was determined. This s tudy aims to achieve efficiency and the highes t impact of the southern side's window of a building on the thermal performance of the building by simulating various models through EnergyPlus software. This s tudy has used the descriptive-analytical method, then analyzed the obtained results, and las tly outlined the priority of application among models as follows:1.38 ratio, 1 ratio, and 1.95 ratio. In contras t, the mos t optimum window ratio is a 15% window-to-floor ratio with 1.38 proportions and eas tern and wes tern elongation using double-glazed glass.