مطالب

«جهاد» و «قتال» دو مفهوم قرآنی هستند که معنای مبارزه، جنگ و ستیز را تداعی می کنند. از طرفی، قرآن کریم با ساختار ویژه خود، از به کاربردن هر مفهومی، مقصودی ویژه را دنبال می کند و به راحتی نمی توان هر مفهومی را به جای مفهوم دیگر به کار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر، با روشی تحلیلی انتقادی و با رویکردی قرآن محور، سعی می کند «مفهوم سازی» قرآن در بحث جهاد را بهتر نمایان کند و در مواردی به نقد و بررسی آرای مفسران نیز اشاره کند. یک سویه بودن مفهوم جهاد، مکی و مدنی بودن آن، به کارگیری لفظ مجاهد، پیوند جهاد با هجرت، بی حدومرز بودن آن و موارد دیگر، حکایت گر مفهوم سازی ویژه قرآن در مقوله جهاد هستند. نتایج نشان می دهد به کارگیری این مفهوم در بافتار قرآنی آن به منظور خاصی صورت گرفته است؛ بنابراین، می توان در آیاتی که فضای جنگ را نیز ترسیم می کنند، مفهوم جهاد را به معنای نوعی «مبارزه» در نظر گرفت که هر فعالیت و کنش و واکنشی را شامل شود و از طرفی، با توجه به بار ارزشی و اسلامی آن، تمام مقدمات لازم جهاد تلقی شوند؛ بنابراین، هر تلاش خالصانه ای از جانب مسلمانان برای هر گونه رویارویی با مشرکان و منافقان و در صورت نیاز، پیکار با مشرکان و در یک کلام، هر نوع مبارزه ای که بتواند «فی سبیل الله» باشد و از «صد عن سبیل الله» ممانعت کند، جهاد قرآنی است؛ چنان که قتالی که این گونه باشد، مصداق جهاد است.

An archaeological survey in 2004 in Mianab of Shushtar in Khuzestan, as well as excavations in 2005, led to the discovery of a Sasanian government hall and valuable stucco carvings. This article examines this hall and compares it with sites such as Damghan Hesar Hill and Hajiabad Lord’s House, as well as Chaltarkhan and columned halls of Bandian Dergaz Hill C. The result of this research shows that given the Sasanian columned halls that have so far been identified not older than the time of Bahram V (420-438 AD), the Dastova government hall probably dates back to the middle to the end of the Sasanian period.

The present research is conducted to determine the effectiveness of Unified protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-A) on empathy and perceived social support, in bilingual middle school students. The statistical population of this study was comprised of bilingual students who studied of Tehran International School in the academic year of 2021-2022. A purposive method was used to select a sample of 30 students, and then they were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control groups, each of 15 students. A semi-experimental research method with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design was used for both experimental and control groups. The experimental group received family-centered psycho-education based on emotion regulation between the pre-test and post-test. Two questionnaires, the EmQue-CA and MSPSS were employed, to measure empathy and perceived social support, respectively. A mixed variance analysis with repeated measures was the technique for data analysis. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the scores of empathy and perceived social support of the students between the two groups in post-test and follow-up test compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). Considering the vulnerability of adolescents to psychological harm due to difficulties regulating emotions, UP-A programs with an emphasis on emotion regulation can be particularly suitable for the effective prevention of a wide range of psychological disorders and seems effective in enhancing student empathy and perceived social support. Therefore, implementing UP-A in schools would be a wise preventive measure against emotional problems of adolescents

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to design a model for evaluating digital innovation and transformation in startup business models.Method: The methodology of this reseatch is descriptive-exploratory and employs a qualitative approach. The thematic analysis was employed to study digital innovation and transformation in startup business models. The participants in this research were academic and industrial experts with a background in research and executive work in lean startups. Initially, a purposive sampling method was used to select the samples, and this was later extended using the snowball method. Ultimately, the researcher conducted 14 expert interviews to collect data. The data obtained from the interviews were reviewed and analyzed using coding based on theme analysis. Initially, codes were extracted from the text of the interviews. These codes were aggregated into more general codes, which were further studied and integrated into components. From these components, relevant dimensions were proposed, leading to the presentation of a model based on these dimensions and extracted components.Findings: The results indicate that the digital Innovation and transformation evaluation model for startup business models includes six main dimensions and 19 sub-themes. The proposed model consists of the following dimensions: "monitoring and analysis of market needs" with three components, "evaluation of product development costs" with three components, "digital innovation and transformation in the business model" with four components, "coordination and integration inside and outside the organization" with two components, "evaluation of learning ability and absorption of organizational knowledge" with three components, and "organizational resources and capacities" with four components.Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is suggested that managers in the technology field understand the importance of lean startups. The indicators in the proposed model may be considered to help prepare and empower startups to improve their products and services. Each proposed dimension can be seen as a management skill necessary for the success of lean startups. Managers may create the appropriate conditions to integrate all of company capabilities.

For years, archaeologists have investigated and excavated the peripheral lands of the Persian Gulf and accomplished considerable achievements in this regard. The findings were published in the form of articles and books. Nevertheless, despite efforts by some historians to come up with works on this field, there lacks a comprehensive archaeological book on the Persian Gulf. In the present study, the author attempts to critically evaluate a book entitled Persian Gulf Archaeology in Parthian & Sasanian Periods.