مطالب

حرمت اشاعه فحشا در نزد فقها جزء مسلمات فقهی است. اما در برخی موارد باوجوداینکه موضوع اشاعه فحشا محقق است، ارتکاب آن جایز شمرده شده است. مسئله این است که حرمت اشاعه فحشا در چه مواردی استثنا شده است؟ موارد استثنا باتوجه به وجود دو مبنای مطرح (اظهار فحشا و یا اراده کثرت وجودی فحشا) در استفاده معنای اشاعه فحشا از آیه 19 سوره نور، متفاوت خواهد بود. ازاین جهت که در منابع فقهی به نحو مستقل به این مسئله پرداخت نشده است، نوشتار حاضر در صدد استخراج موارد استثنا از کلمات مطرح شده در ذیل مباحث مختلف فقهی است. هدف اصلی این نوشتار، تبیین محدوده حکم اشاعه فحشا در راستای تعیین وظایف مکلفین و نهادهای نظارتی در مواجهه با مصادیق اشاعه فحشا است. با فرض معنای اظهار فحشا برای اشاعه فحشا، مواردی مانند تظلّم و دعاوی، تشهیر، آگاه سازی، مبارزه با بدعت و مشورت دادن به تخصیص از حکم اشاعه فحشا خارج خواهند بود. اما درصورتی که کثرت وجودی و ارتکاب فحشا را برای اشاعه فحشا اختیار کردیم، بیشتر موارد مذکور از حکم اشاعه فحشا، تخصّصا خارج خواهند بود به غیراز مثل تظّلم که به دلیل متصور بودن کثرت و ترویج فحشا در آن به نحو تخصیص از حکم خارج است. این موارد گفته شده را مقاله به نحو تحلیلی مورد بررسی قرار داده است.

One of the most relevant areas in the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) that still merits further attention is the individual differences among English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. With an eye on this issue, this study investigates the interrelations among stress coping strategies, foreign language anxiety (FLA), and language achievement among Iraqi EFL students. Utilizing a correlational research design, the study involved 150 upper-intermediate EFL learners who were randomly selected from EFL learners studying in two universities in Iraq. As for the data collection procedure phase of the study, the participants completed the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) to assess their levels of anxiety and coping strategies. The results indicated that there wsa a significant negative relationship between task-oriented coping strategies and foreign language anxiety, as well as a positive correlation between task-oriented coping and language achievement. The findings highlight the importance of effective coping strategies in mitigating anxiety and enhancing language learning outcomes among EFL learners. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for instructors to foster task-oriented coping strategies to improve language achievement and reduce anxiety, thereby creating a more supportive and effective learning environment.

Since the Corona pandemic, the discussion of virtual education has been widely discussed and has entered all fields, including physical education. In the post-Corona era, this type of education has maintained and even expanded its specific audience, so that we are currently witnessing the growth of virtual sports clubs on social networks. Therefore, in order to understand the target market of this profession, sociological information from this group seems essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the demographic variables of virtual sports clubs on social networks. The statistical population of this study was the participants of a virtual women's club in one of the social networks, numbering 800 people, of which 233 were selected by simple random sampling method and their demographic information was obtained through an online form and the data received was analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. This study showed that exercising in the virtual club was satisfactory from the participants' perspective, considering that the vast majority of them achieved their goals. Among the participants in the virtual club, the percentage of married people was much higher than single people, and young people aged 20 to 40 had the largest number of participants. The percentage of unemployed people was significantly higher than employed people. There was no significant difference in the type of online or offline use of sessions, but in a two-dimensional analysis of these variables with the variable of online or offline use of virtual sports, it was found that single people were more interested in the offline method and the flexibility of using class time than married people, people with a master's degree were more interested in other educational levels than other educational levels, and people aged 40 to 60 were more interested in the offline method and the flexibility of using class time than other age groups.