مطالب

of flipped classroom with Jigsaw method on students' learning and academic engagement of seventh grade students in Persian literature course. The method of the present study was experimental and the educational operation was performed in three experimental groups (1- The combination of flipped classroom and jigsaw 2- flipped classroom 3- jigsaw method) and the usual method in the control group for eight sessions. The statistical population of the study was all seventh-grade students of the first secondary school in Karaj, in the academic year of 2020-21. From the statistical population, 100 students were selected voluntarily by available sampling method and randomly assigned to the groups. The research instruments were Zarang Academic Involvement Questionnaire (2012) and researcher-made learning test. ANCOVA, ANOVA and MANCOVA tests were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis showed that the combination of flipped classroom and jigsaw was effective in promoting learning (sig=0.012) and academic engagement (sig=0.001). The flipped classroom method was not effective in students' learning (sig=0.894) and academic engagement (sig = 0.970). Jigsaw method, not effective in promoting learning (sig = 0.783), but was able to significantly engage learners in educational activities (sig = 0.001).

Neighborhood policy can be explained by various strategies throughout different eras and actors, important states like China, the European Union (commonly referred to as "neighborhood policy"), Turkey with its "zero tension with neighbors" approach, India under the "Neighborhood First" policy, and Iran, which has developed its own "Neighborhood Policy." Essentially, neighborhood policy is defined as a strategy that prioritizes relationships with neighboring countries within a nation’s foreign policy framework. This article seeks to address a key question: Is Iran's implementation of its neighborhood policy a strategic choice or a short-term necessity stemming from specific challenges, such as sanctions? The hypothesis of this research posits that Iran's adoption of this policy is primarily a functional necessity in response to pressing foreign policy issues. However, it also suggests that this policy could evolve into a long-term strategic framework if it expands into other areas.

In an attempt to explore the status-quo of the teaching styles appealed and adopted by Iraqi EFL teachers, the researchers in the current study selected 120 English language teachers from the context of Iraqi high schools. To gather the data, the researchers made use of Grasha-Riechmann’s (1996) Teaching Styles Questionnaire. The analysis of data mainly through quantitative measures and frequency analysis revealed a clear discrepancy between the teachers’ preferences and practices of teaching styles. More specifically, while the most desired teaching style among the teachers was expert type, and the least preferred one was facilitator type, in real practice of teaching, they made a greater use of personal model style. Furthermore, expert style which was the most favored type was used less frequently than the other styles. However, a go-togetherness was witnessed in the obtained data with regard to facilitator style of teaching which ranked the least based on the teachers’ practices in a manner identical to what was found concerning their preferences. The study findings provide fruitful implications for language teachers in the context of Iraqi high schools, particularly as regards their increased familiarity with the practical teaching styles and their attempts targeted at bridging the gap between their style preferences and practices.

A strong brand differentiates the product from competitors' products, reduces search costs, minimizes perceived risks, and offers high quality from the customer's point of view. He considered that one of the most important problems of Iran's food industry is related to the brand name, especially in the field related to the internalization of awareness and association of the brand name in the customer's mind. Cognitive distortions, as psychological factors that cause perceptual errors in people, can be effective in their negative feelings and, as a result, affect the expected results of customers' behavior; Therefore, identifying the psychological components of branding in the food industry with the foundation's data approach (case study: Gaz Asari) is of great importance. The method of this research is qualitative and grounded theory method (foundation data) which has been used in this research due to some of its special features. The statistical population consists of interviews with 17 people, including all managers and expert managers in the Gaz Asari brand industry, which means analyzing the data obtained from the interviews, using the qualitative-inductive grounded theory method (including the steps of open coding, central coding, and selective coding). The results include 19 general categories in the form of a paradigm model, which include causal conditions (competitive pressure, changing customer characteristics, market uncertainty, understanding the importance of branding and lifestyle changes), central phenomenon (psychological branding), background conditions (sustainability of brand effects) flexible characteristics of the brand and branding skills, intervening conditions (customer, company capability, brand competition capacity and the challenges of Sanat Gaz administration) and strategies (differentiation strategy, modeling strategy, discovery strategy, and resistance strategy) and consequences (short consequences duration and long-term consequences).