مطالب

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This article examines the moral principles and norms required by legislators, particularly parliamentarians, from the perspective of Islamic teachings, which is significant for crafting appropriate codes of conduct. It aims to differentiate the unique professional ethics requirements for parliamentarians within a religious democratic context like the Islamic Republic of Iran. Additionally, it identifies potential conflicts or synergies between Islamic ethics and global ethical standards. METHOD & FINDING: The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness. The approach includes a comparative analysis, looking at contemporary practices of ethical code development, alongside a focused review of Islamic religious texts and their interpretations regarding moral governance. Key findings suggest that trustworthiness, confidentiality, consultation, and adherence to the law stand out as crucial ethical obligations. Moreover, the article highlights the potential pitfalls of not adhering to these ethical standards, such as the loss of public trust and the erosion of the legislative body's effectiveness.CONCLUSION: The development of a comprehensive moral framework for parliamentarians is not only a foundational step in enhancing the integrity of governance but also crucial for maintaining public trust and accountability. Islamic teachings provide a robust foundation for these ethical norms, emphasizing the importance of moral conduct in leadership roles. By adhering to these principles, legislators can ensure more effective governance and a greater alignment with the public's interests, which ultimately strengthens the overall democratic structure.

As a key tool in implementing monetary policy and government financing, government bonds play an essential role in financial markets. By means of Islamic financial innovations in the Islamic capital market, the instrument of Islamic treasury bill is published and tradable in the over-the-counter market. Islamic treasury bills have many risks in terms of execution, including the ease of trading and liquidity in the secondary market. Therefore, this research aims to examine some microstructural elements of government bonds using a vector autoregressive model. In this article, the effect of trading volume on bid-ask spread of orders has been investigated. To survey the impact of these variables, the vector autoregressive (VAR) model has been used on intraday data of 17 symbols of Islamic treasury bills in the over-the-counter market, which had the most trading days from 2021 to September 2023. According to the studies, there is a significant relationship between the trading volume and bid-ask spread only in Islamic treasury bills with long-term maturity. Therefore, the effect of the bid-ask spread of orders in different periods is greater than the trading volume, especially in longer-term Islamic treasury bills. Hence, in this research, by analyzing the impulse response function, if there is a shock on the variables, the effect of the trading volume's shock remains for several periods and affects unremarkably the bid-ask spread of orders in most of the short-term and long-term Islamic treasury bills, while effects of the bid-ask spread shocks during initial periods for long-term and short-term Islamic treasury bills is excellent, but decrease sharply during the following periods. These results help traders pay attention and reduce the risk of trading in the over-the-counter market, specifically the long-term treasury bills.

Getting highly accurate output in biomedical data processing concerning biomedical signals and images is impossible because biomedical data are generated from various electronic and electrical resources that can deliver the data with noise. Filtering is widely used for signal and image processing applications in medical, multimedia, communications, biomedical electronics, and computer vision. The biggest problem in biomedical signal and image processing is developing a perfect filter for the system. Digital filters are more advanced in precision and stability than analog filters. Digital filters are getting more attention due to the increasing advancements in digital technologies. Hence, most medical image and signal processing techniques use digital filters for preprocessing tasks. This paper briefly explains various filters used in medical image and signal processing. Matlab is a famous mathematical, analytical software with a platform and built-in tools to design filters and experiment with different inputs. Even though this paper implements filters like, Mean, Median, Weighted Average, Guassian, and Bilateral in Python to verify their performance, a suitable filter can be selected for biomedical applications by comparing their performance.