بررسی جامعه شناختی سیمای زن ارمنی در ادبیات منثور ایران با رویکرد ایماگولوژی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ارامنه همواره در صحنه فرهنگ و ادبیات ایران نقش قابل توجهی داشته اند. بررسی مواجهه جامعه ایرانی با ارامنه می تواند محل مطالعات گوناگون جامعه شناسی، ادبی، تاریخی و فرهنگی باشد. ما در این مقاله به بررسی سیمای زنان ارمنی، به عنوان بخش مهمی از جامعه ارامنه در ادبیات داستانی ایران تا پیش از انقلاب اسلامی با استفاده از روش ایماگولوژی پرداخته ایم. ایماژولوژی که زیرشاخه ای از مطالعات ادبی تطبیقی است، چگونگی تجلی هویت ملل مختلف را در تضاد و مقایسه تصویر خود با تصویر دیگران در ادبیات مطالعه می کند. در این پژوهش ما ابتدا به معرفی دانش ایماگولوژی یا تصویرشناسی و ذکر تاریخچه مختصر آن پرداخته ایم و سپس با استفاده از یافته های این دانش، سیمای زن ارمنی در ادبیات داستانی ایران را بررسی کرده ایم. پس از جمع آوری نمونه ها به این نتیجه رسیده ایم که سیمای زن ارمنی در نمونه ها، در قالب دو تصویر عمده قابل دسته بندی است: نخست زن ارمنی به مثابه زنی زیبا و آزاد که عمدتا به عنوان ابژه ای برای زناشویی یا خوشگذرانی بازنمایانده می شود و دوم زنان ارمنی کارگر و زحمتکش که تصویری قابل تحسین و احترام دارند و به نوعی در مقابل دسته اول قرار می گیرند.Sociological study of Armenian female image in Iranian prose literature with the approach of imagology
Abstract: Armenians have always played a significant role in Iranian culture and literature. Examining the confrontation between the Iranian society and the Armenians can be a place for various sociological, literary, historical, and cultural studies. In this article, we have investigated the image of Armenian women, an essential part of Armenian society, in Iranian fiction before the Islamic Revolution. First, we have introduced the knowledge of imagology and mentioned its brief history, and then, using the findings of this knowledge, we have examined the image of Armenian women in Iranian fiction. After collecting the samples, we have concluded that the face of the Armenian woman in the samples can be categorized in the form of two main images. First, the Armenian woman is a beautiful and free woman who is mainly represented as an object for marriage or pleasure, and secondly, the working and hardworking Armenian woman who have an admirable and respectable image and are in a way in front of the first category. Keywords: Armenian women, Armenians, Iranian fiction, exoticism, imagology, misogyny Introduction: In Persian literary texts, the Armenian community, one of the most important religious minorities in this country, has been mentioned many times. By examining these references, it is possible to analyze the relationship of this minority with Iranians, Iranian culture, and most importantly, the literary reflection of this relationship. Examining the image of Armenian women is an important part of this type of study, which helps us to understand the relationship between Iranian society and the position of the Armenian minority in it. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the image of Armenian women appears in Iranian literature and its impact on Iranians' self-knowledge. Research background: Lilit' Safrastyan carried out one of the first studies about Armenians in Persian fiction in the 20th century in the articles «Armenian Image in Contemporary Iranian Literature» and «Asia Between Two Worlds», by Shahrnoush Parsipour. Must be noted, that these studies did not cover all the issues concerning Armenians in the Iranian authors’ books, and also, they were not conducted with a specific methodology. In addition, Houri Berberyan examines the situation of Armenians before the 19th century to the first decade of the 20th century in the book Armenians and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911 (Berberyan, 2018). In the book Armenian Christians in Iran: Ethnicity, Religion, and Identity, James Barry also deals with issues such as the construction of society, the educational system, and the status of Armenian women in Iran today (Barry, 2019). Methodology and Materials: This research was conducted by examining and analyzing prose works of Iranian writers from the constitutional period to the Islamic revolution (1357-1278 Khorshidi). First, the fictional works of prominent Iranian writers of this period were studied to find the mentions of Armenian women, then the extracted materials were analyzed by the theory of imagology. According to researchers of the imagology school, to recognize ourselves better, we must evaluate ourselves in comparison with others. Brigitte Le Juez, referring to Pageaux, writes in this regard: "Studying an image, therefore, means establishing its conformity (or non-conformity) to an existing model in the culture of the group examining another" (Le Juez, 2021:11). Image theorists define the main feature of the image as arising from the difference between an "I" and the "other" and between «here» and «there». Sometimes, a culture finds in another culture features desirable for itself, but for various reasons, it is impossible to gain them, and thus the concept of «exoticism» comes into being. Results: Based on the data collected in this research, in Persian fiction, most Armenian female characters are repeated in the form of several fixed stereotypes. In general, the image of Armenian wome
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