مطالب

General policies in any country act as a guiding light indicating the path to progress. In Iran, 41 general policies have been formulated and announced from the year 1377 until now. One of the vital among them is the general policies of the resistance economy. Achieving the goals of these policies is subject to precise and targeted planning. One of the crucial aspects of planning in the country is the five-year development plans. The Seventh Five-Year Development Plan for the years 1402-1406 has been approved while more than a decade has passed since the announcement of the general policies of the resistance economy. It is clear that the more crystallized the measures of the resistance economy in the Seventh Development Plan, the less the hope for reduction of Iran's economic challenges. In the second phase statement, the characteristics of an economy in balance with the revolutionary system have been specified. In the revolutionary system, a strong economy is not the goal but an important and effective means without which the goals of the revolutionary system cannot be achieved. A strong economy leads to internal satisfaction of the people and the impenetrability of the revolutionary system, and vice versa. Therefore, the question arises as to ‘What are the characteristics of an economy in balance statement for creating a revolutionary system?’ The second phase statement introduces an independent economy as part of the revolutionary system. To achieve this independent economy, the implementation of the policies of the resistance economy in the second phase statement has been proposed as a solution. Now the important question arises as to ‘Whether the Seventh Development Plan, in its economic dimensions, guarantees the implementation of the policies of the resistance economy to achieve an independent economy as a crucial and determining variable for creating a revolutionary system or not?’ The present study aims to answer this question by exploring the policies of the resistance economy and focusing on the 24 dimensions and chapters of the Seventh Development Plan. Based on the results, the Seventh Development Plan has covered 86% of the expectations of the general policies of the resistance economy and 14% of the points of the general policies of the resistance economy were not included in the Seventh Plan and were not addressed. 

The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal (IUSCT), throughout its operation, has successfully resolved a significant number of claims and disputes—including claims by nationals against the state and state-to-state disputes—within the sensitive legal and complex political milieus between Iran and the United States. Nevertheless, the Tribunal’s role in the international arena extends beyond this inter-state dimension: its awards and decisions, as widely acknowledged, have played a significant role in the development of law on a global scale, particularly in international arbitration, international investment, and international commercial law. A structured, analytical, and methodological study of the Tribunal’s impact on the development of law in the international arena necessitates an examination of its awards and decisions across various legal fields. These include contract law, international commercial law, and international law—particularly international investment law. The first step in such a study is to assess the status of the Tribunal’s awards and decisions in the international arena, particularly their precedential value, in order to ascertain the reasons for and mechanisms behind their influence on the development of law globally. This article, while clarifying that the awards and judgments of international courts and tribunals—including the IUSCT—are not generally binding precedent, seeks to demonstrate that these decisions may nevertheless serve as persuasive authority relied upon by other arbitral and judicial bodies on both procedural and substantive matters. The criteria for evaluating the nature and extent of this persuasive value are analyzed in this study. It is argued that the Tribunal’s rulings, as decisions rendered on diverse subject matters within the legal framework applicable to various other international commercial or investment disputes—and issued by an international claims tribunal with established external credibility and consistent internal jurisprudence— carry significant persuasive precedential value in the international arena.