درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In modern eras, travels with spiritual motivation have been accompanied by significant growth. The present study is aimed to investigate the role of spiritual orientation on the morale of tourists with the mediating role of spiritual wellbeing. In terms of purpose, the present study is applied research, and in terms of method, it is a descriptive research and a survey and correlational research. The statistical population in this study includes tourists and travelers to the sights of Tehran. The statistical sample size of the study was obtained using the Morgan table, as 384 individuals were selected using the convenience cluster sampling method. The data collection instrument is Allport’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire (short form), Lemon and Ann Wangheim Tourist Morale, and Spiritual Well-being Scale by Ellison. The questionnaire reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. Its validity was verified using convergent validity and content validity by the opinion of experts regarding the study topic. SPSS and AMOS software were also used to determine the correlation and data analysis. At a 95% confidence interval, spiritual orientation and spiritual well-being positively and significantly affected tourists’ morale. Also, the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between spiritual orientation and tourists' morale was confirmed.

The influence of disintegration processes on the development of regional trade agreements is revealed. Opportunities and threats to cooperation between Ukraine and the EU within the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area at the state level, for enterprises and the population have been identified. To achieve the aim of the research, the method of hypotheses, the method of developing search questions and questionnaires, the method of expert questionnaire survey of government officials, business community and the scientific community were applied in combination with statistical methods of primary information processing and the software SPSS Statistics 23. The aim of article is to identify threats and opportunities of the Ukraine - EU Free Trade Area and priority forms of cooperation. Ukraine is exposed to disintegration tendencies and destabilizing political processes, influence of loss of control over the most industrially developed eastern territories, disruption and severance of established internal economic ties. The efficiency of cooperation forms in ensuring the stability of international economic relations is estimated. Based on results of the study, practical recommendations were developed for both enterprises (micro-level of international cooperation) and for the government (macro-level). In the context of digitalization and informatization in the global environment and the dynamic growth of the IT sector, international cooperation in this area is becoming especially important. According to the results of the study, Ukraine and the EU have mutual economic interests to develop cooperation in the IT field, which requires support and involvement of both parties in improving regulatory conditions and integration mechanisms.