درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Apparently only during the recent years the governments have discerned urban diplomacy capacity exploitation planned for substantial administration and management in various areas and scopes of cultural, crafts, scientific, sports, economic, industrial, tourism or peace and security. Thereupon, the impact of urban diplomacy basic strategies upon completion of global city indicators can further be studied in compliance with scholars such as Hubbard al (2007), Pluijim (2007), Brown (2002) intellectual consensus. In this survey, urban diplomacy has additionally been examined based on six main principles: - a) urban security, b) urban development, c) urban economy, d) urban net-works, e) urban representative, and f) urban culture. In procedure, urban diplomacy can methodical-ly be reviewed within the two contexts of urban international cooperation: - i) sister cities relations and multilateral cooperation and, ii) membership and activities of international institutions and or-ganizations in urban management. Yet still, the most significant index of cities entry to global cities Jirga desideratum urban security to assure psychological security, life safety and financial security and furthermore, consider tourists and investors credence, hitherto, adjoin global city contributing to cities network such that in spite of time expedient could withstand action and reaction of events and be effective. Evidently, constitution of delegation of authorities representing international and regional institutions and organizations in cities and recognition of necessary capacity can provide for global city ‘Globalization’ process. In addition to what mentioned, assets of urban culture cor-responding to history and people of the respective city in the supply chain opinion, to define global city indicators is also highly significant since human relations between citizens for a city of tourists and other representatives to meet the criteria of global cities “culture” is additionally a distinction. From this perspective, circulation of urban economy, welfare seekers, fundraising, small and large businesses, economy of construction and industry, economy of art, etc. entirely facilitate urban de-velopment strategies to incept a developed city with bright horizon for advance towards global path.

Water scarcity and its impact on other socio-environmental aspects has become an undeniable issue which emphasizes the need to water resources management. One of the basins that have been se-verely affected by water governance issues is Zayandeh-Rud River Basin and Isfahan Province. The present study has been conducted as a qualitative study, with emphasis on the concept of govern-ance and with the aim of identifying the causes and dimensions of the crisis in the Basin and in Isfa-han province. To achieve this, the grounded theory method has been used in data analysis. Accord-ingly, have been interviewed in order to reach the theoretical saturation stage, 74 activists and stakeholders of this basin in 12 townships of Isfahan province (located in Upstream to the down-stream of Zayandeh-Rud). Participants in this study are a diverse range of actors, including mem-bers of parliament, judicial officials, executive directors, security-law enforcement officials, reli-gious-scientific figures, farmers, environmental and agricultural and natural resources experts, con-sultants, contractors and craftsmen. With open coding, 56 basic concepts have been identified and from these concepts, obtained 11 main categories which are mismanagement, increase of harvest, legal conditions, living conditions, trans-basin stations, technical view dominance, climate change, cyberspace, cultural factors, dominance Security look, strategies. Data analysis showed that from the perspective of research participants, due to shortcomings and weaknesses in governance, the policies pursued in this basin, lacked the necessary efficiency. And this inefficiency has led to a reduction in the legitimacy of the adoption and implementation of government policies, as the larg-est and most powerful actor in the Zayandeh-Rud River basin.