درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Aim: Background: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a condition in which children display a pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and angry behavior toward people in authority. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the predictors of ODD among male teenagers in the city of Urmia, Iran. Methods: For this descriptive-analytical study, 384 male students between the ages of 13-16 were selected through cluster sampling. The instruments used comprised Hill Burns’ (1964) Affective Family Climate, Garnefski's Emotion Self-Regulation (2006), Cloninger’s (1994) Temperament and Character Inventory, and Achenbach’s (1991) Youth Self-Report questionnaires. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.19 using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s comparison, and regression at a significance level of p≤0.05 Results: The results showed a direct and significant correlation between emotion regulation and symptoms of ODD (0.19, p<0.01). A direct and significant relationship was also found between temperament and ODD symptoms (-0.20, p<0.01). Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed a meaningful relation between the family's emotional atmosphere and symptoms of ODD (-0.53, p<0.01). Furthermore, multiple linear regression models indicated that 39.9% of the variance of ODD is predicted by emotion regulation, family emotional atmosphere, and temperament. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems likely that ODD is influenced by emotion regulation, temperament, and affective family climate; to prevent the formation of this disorder, it is recommended that these three variables be addressed.

Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on modifying the attitude towards marriage of girls who were victims of sexual abuse.Method: In this research, a. Quasi- experimental single-case study design was used. As of 2020/9/12, the statistical population included all Girls who experienced sexual abuse in childhood in Tehran. Three participants were selected through purposive sampling and participated in the individual counseling schema therapy sessions lasting 16 sessions of 60 minutes each. The participants completed the pretreatment (3 baseline) Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young, 1998) and Marrital Attitude Scale (Braaten and Rosén, 1998). Also, at the beginning of the fifth, ninth, and thirteenth sessions, as well as at the end of the sixteenth session and the follow-up periods of three weeks, six weeks, and nine weeks, they completed the questionnaire. SPSS 25 software was used for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (effect size) were used to determine significance. The analysis of data was done using visual analysis charts, Statistical significance, and clinical significance (P ≤ 0.05).Results: The findings, showed that schema therapy was effective in reducing the intensity of initial maladaptive schemas and modifying the attitude towards marriage of victims of sexual abuse.Conclusion: Considering the application of schema therapy in reducing the intensity of initial maladaptive schemas and modifying the attitude towards marriage of victims of sexual abuse, the present approach can be used as a therapeutic program to help people who have been sexually abused, especially children.

Aim: Today, many reasons have led to the widespread acceptance from married women towards employment. The growth of women's education level compared to the past, the desire for more economic prosperity, free time and the desire to have social activities are among these reasons. However, economic inflation and men's insufficient income for living is the most important reason for women's employment after marriage. The present research was conducted in 1401 on a community of families living in Tehran, where women started working after marriage. Method: The research method was qualitative and grounded theory, and the research tool was a semi-structured and in-depth interview. The data reached saturation with the participation of 19 couples. Results: From the analysis of the conducted interviews, the factors of creating satisfaction/dissatisfaction along with the contexts, facilitators, and interveners and their consequences, as well as the strategies that spouses use to achieve satisfaction from the phenomenon of employment after marriage were obtained. Discussion: The main category finally concluded that spouses' satisfaction/dissatisfaction with women's employment after marriage is based on the quality of the marital relationship and the existence of support resources of the family of origin. Conclusion: The results of current research can be used to adaptively confront the changes resulting from the phenomenon of employment after marriage, and to enrich the relationships of spouses as much as possible and, as a result the stability of families can be extracted from the practical strategies of the model obtained.

This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of a creativity training program on the executive functions of preschool children. The research method employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, one-month follow-up, and a control group. The population consisted of five to six-year-old children in the preschool stage in District One of Tehran during the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was selected based on Cohen's table with an effect size of 0.5 and a test power of 0.8, equaling 15 participants for each group. 30 children who met the entry criteria were identified and randomly replaced in two control and experimental groups. Participants completed such computer-based tests as Hungry Donkey Task, Tower of Hanoi, Continuous Performance Test, and N-Back Spatial Working Memory. During this period, the control group followed their normal daily schedule. Data was analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The results indicated that the creativity training program significantly influenced decision-making, problem-solving, continuous attention, and spatial working memory. It is suggested that child psychologists and people dealing with preschool children use creativity training to enhance executive functions in preschool children.Keywords: Creativity training, Executive functions, Preschool children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare physical health and family functioning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder and normal.Methods: The present study was a causal-comparative study and the statistical population of the study includes all obsessive-compulsive and bipolar patients hospitalized and referred to Fatemi Hospital and psychiatric clinics in Ardabil in autumn, which were diagnosied by obsessive-compulsive and bipolar disorders. . From this statistical population, 40 obsessive-compulsive individuals, 40 bipolar individuals and 40 normal individuals Were selected by available sampling method and answered the physical health and family functioning questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software.Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between physical health and its components in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder and normal (P <0.01). Also, this difference was significant in the family performance variable and its components in all three groups of normal, bipolar and obsessive (P <0.01).Conclusion: These results indicated that impaired family dysfunction and physical health increase the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder. Therefore, paying attention to this result in psychotherapy plans and specialized interventions can be effective.

Objective:  The present study was conducted to explain the lived experience of patient’s families with Covid-19 that admitted to the hospital.Methods: The present qualitative study was based on a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The population included the patient’s families with Covid-19 admitted to the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran during 2021-2022. After the initial investigation, 16 patient’s family’s members were selected through purposive sampling method. Data collection was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed following the method proposed by Diekelman et al. (1989). As for data management, Software MAXQDA version 10 was used.Results: Thirteen participants were female and 3 were male with a mean age of 31 years. The five main themes along with their sub themes were identified: “in the turbulent of the disease”, “emotional fluctuation”, “living with perception of loneliness”, “a flash of hope” and “in search of compatibility”.Conclusion:  The families of patients with Covid-19 admitted to the hospital appear to be experiencing a number of challenges. Nurse and treatment team can provide support for patient’s family and also, they can play an effective role in preventing adverse complications.