درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: In Iran, women have major challenges and are in high conflict between the elites and the rulers. In many cases, society still emphasizes the maternal role of women more than her entry into the public arena, and this is in the fundamental contradiction of the women's management system in various forums. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to present the pattern of the status of the women's management system in the sports assemblies. Methodology: This study was performed in a combined method, the first part of which is the basis of the basis and the second part was done by scrolling. The statistical sample in the first part of the 16th sportsmen and professors and senior sports managers and in a few 141 people were studied. Data analysis in three stages of coding was open, pivotal and nucleus. In the quantitative section, the model and assumptions have been tested using the navigation method. Findings: With the analysis of 16 deep interviews and the implementation of these interviews, 125 meaningful concepts and propositions are extracted, and then from these 125 concepts, 141 corresponding concepts are pulled out. The overlap and meaning of many of the corresponding concepts led the researchers using their theoretical sensitivity to introduce and explain these 141 concepts to 27 sub -categories and ultimately 27 sub -categories with ten main categories. These ten subcategories consisting of; Identity in managerial spaces, the ability to divide, overcome gender spaces, effective control, planning, networking and communication skills, field and leadership, social support for women's management, exercise management and organizational efficiency, which are more abstracted by coding. Selection, a nuclear category as "the position of the women's management system in sports assemblies in the context of overcoming gender spaces and gaining social support for women's management in the ability to divide and organizational efficiency with women's intervention and communication skills based on field strategies and leadership, program. The centrality and management of management, despite the consequences of identifying in managerial and effective control spaces in Iranian society, appear to be realized in Iran, "which can cover all other categories. Conclusion: Considering the weakness of existing theoretical models in the field of the position of women's management system in sports associations, a new approach to explaining the management system of women in sports in Iran can help the health of women's sports.

Purpose: Women studies have always been of interest to researchers. The issue of women's presence in business and management is one of the most important issues in the field of women's studies. This study sets to investigate the effect of characteristics of female managers who were either member of board or CEO on earning quality. Methodology: To this end, we collected necessary data such as financial statements from 102 Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies. The data belongs to period stretching from 20 Feb 2015 to 20 Feb 2020. To test our hypotheses, multivariate regression with panel data and also EViews software were utilized. The results show that the presence of female managers has a positive as well as meaningful effect on earning quality. Findings: Furthermore, the results of our second and third hypothesis indicate that the training skills of female managers and their experience in the board have a positive and significant relationship with the quality of companies’ earnings. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is recommended that women be used more in managerial positions and the existing misconceptions that have prevented skilled and experienced women from appearing should be discarded.

Purpose: education plays a key role in empowerment of human resources. Thus, the present research was done to present and validate the human resources empowerment model with emphasis on education in the ornamental and building stone industry. Methodology: this descriptive-analytical study was of correlation type. The statistical population consisted of the staff at Iran's stone statistics and information center as many as 425 persons in 50 companies. The sample size was determined 200 according to Cochran formula; this number was chosen through stratified random sampling method based on the occupational unit. The research instruments included demographic information form capturing gender, age, level of education, years of working background, and a researcher-made questionnaire ( 50 items), whose face validity was confirmed based on expert opinion, while its reliability was calculated using Cronbach alpha method on 30 staff as 0.95. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equations modeling methods in SPSS-25 and Smart PLS-3 software. Findings: the findings indicated that empowerment of human resources has 10 factors of change and innovation, managerial functions, learning, development of human resources, behavioral factors, organizational factors, the strategic factors of organization, environmental factors, cultural and leadership factors as well as knowledge beyond the technical knowledge. The factor load of all of its items was above 0.40; the convergent validity of the factors was found above 0.60 using the average variance extracted method. The reliability of all of the factors using Cronbach alpha and mixed method was above 0.70. Furthermore, the human resources empowerment model with emphasis on education in the ornamental and building stone industry had suitable and acceptable fitting, and the empowerment of human resources with emphasis on education had a direct and significant effect on all of the 10 factors (P<0.001). Conclusion: given the suitable model of human resources empowerment with emphasis on education in the ornamental and building stone industry, experts and planners can take effective steps for empowerment of human resources through the 10 identified factors.

Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to present a brain-based curriculum model focusing on interaction and motivation in the secondary school. Methodology: In order to achieve this goal, qualitative approach, field method and semi-structured in-depth interview techniques were used. The study population included prominent curriculum planning experts, researchers and faculty members and 15 people were interviewed based on the data saturation. The data collection tools included texts and semi-structured interviews, and the method of data analysis also included inductive thematic analysis (Attride-Stirling thematic networks). Findings: The results of the research showed that the curriculum design components included four dimensions: goals, content, teaching methods, and assessment methods, which affect students' interaction and motivation. Goals included indices of changing mental images, real learning environment, flexibility of brain-based curriculum, information storage during learning. Content included indices of development of brain ability, mechanism of brain function, cognitive learning, content understanding, triggering body and brain activity, teaching methods including practical learning, learning in the environment, cooperation in class activity, different learning style, getting students to take responsibility for learning, effectiveness of education, purposeful and conscious teaching, continuous information processing. Assessment method included self- assessment, understand the content easily, flexible learning, encouraging activities. The interaction included indices of sharing new experiences in learning; improving the brain ability; and discussing different topics. Stimulation of learning and motivation included the indices cognitive function of the brain, challenging and enjoyable learning. Conclusion: The results showed that the brain-based curriculum emphasizes on goals, content, teaching and assessment methods, which is designed with an emphasis on interaction and motivation.

Purpose: The present research was done to determine the effectiveness of training process mental stimulation on academic procrastination and academic stress of gifted students. Methodology: The present quasi-experimental study was done with a pretest posttest design and follow-up along with a control group. The research population consisted of high school gifted students in academic year 2019-2020. The research sample included 30 students, who were chosen through multistage cluster sampling method, and assigned into two equal groups as treatment and control via randomization. The treatment group was trained for nine sessions of 90 min (one session per week) through process mental simulation training method, while the control group did not receive such training during this time. The data were collected through academic procrastination scale (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984) and academic stress (Zajacova and et al., 2005), and then analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-19 software. Findings: The results revealed that the treatment and control group differed significantly with each other in the posttest and follow-up stages. In other words, the process mental simulation training resulted in diminished academic procrastination and academic stress of gifted students, and the results were also preserved in the follow-up stage (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of process mental simulation training on academic procrastination and academic stress of gifted students in post-test and follow-up stages. Thus, the education experts can use the mentioned method alongside other effective methods for reducing the academic procrastination and academic stress of students.