Iranian journal of educational sociology

Purpose: The present study aims at determining the effectiveness of the Reigeluth’s educational model on the level of attention and working memory capacity of students with attention deficit disorder. Methodology : This is an applied study in terms of purpose and a quasi-experimental one in terms of data collection, in which, a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population of the present study includes all fifth grade female students in Tabriz in the academic year 2019-2020. The Conners Parent Questionnaire was used to determine and screen the study sample. Considering the 8% prevalence of attention deficit disorder among students, the Conners Parent Questionnaire was administered to 560 subjects and 30 students with attention problems (scores above 72 in the Conners Parents Questionnaire) were selected as the sample and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in six sessions using the Reigeluth’s educational model and the control group did not receive any training. Selective and divided attention test (Sinai Institute, 2014) and working memory test (Kirschner, 1985) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate factor covariance analysis. Findings : Findings showed that Reigeluth’s educational model improves the performance of selective and divided attention of students with attention deficit disorder and increases their working memory capacity. Conclusion : An overview of the lesson plan (course perspective) at the beginning of the training creates a clear, stable and organized cognitive structure in the minds of learners. As a result of this structure, students' working memory is activated and meaningful learning occurs. Also, when learning happens among learners in a significant manner, what they have learned remains in their memory for a long time, which will improve their working memory capacity.

Purpose: Considering the role of quantum leadership in improving the performance and effectiveness of organizations, the aim of the current research was to design a quantum leadership model in secondary schools based on grounded theory. Methodology: This was an applied qualitative study and its population included experts and principals of the educational system of Iran in 2020. A total of 20 people were selected using snowball sampling. The data collection tool included a semi-structured interview, the validity of which was confirmed by the review of participants and the review of non-participating experts, and its reliability was obtained 0.83 by calculating the inter-coder agreement. The data were analyzed by the coding method based on the grounded theory in MAXQDA software. Findings: The results showed that the quantum leadership model in secondary schools consisted of 45 concepts in 8 components and 6 categories. The category of causal conditions included two components of building quantum trust and agreement and quantum thought. The category of background conditions included one component of quantum development platform. The category of intervention conditions included one component of positive and negative interveners. The core category included a component of quantum school, the category of strategies included two components of quantum leadership and quantum creativity, and the category of outcomes included a component of quantum learning. Finally, the quantum leadership model in secondary schools was designed based on the grounded theory. Conclusion : According to the quantum leadership model in secondary schools and based on the experts and principals of the education system of Iran, it seems necessary to plan to improve the status of schools by improving the identified concepts and components

Nowadays, young people are spending the majority of their time on social media, using various platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, etc. It is a common perception that these media have become the new sources of information, which progressively converts into knowledge. It is interesting to check whether they use those sources to achieve knowledge or not. The main focal point of this study is to understand the political engagement, knowledge, and outlook of college-studying youngsters in India. It studies the factors influencing political awareness and examines the influence of politics and politicians on the involvement of youngsters in politics. The findings show that social media has a significant influence on political issues, but they are also more corrupted

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to consider the goodness of fit of a structural model of the relationship between teachers' job motivation and their social capital and social-emotional skills with mediation of self-efficacy. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included female teachers working in the 10th and 5th districts of Tehran in the second secondary school in academic year 2020-2021. Two hundred and fifty teachers were randomly selected via the multi-stage method. Data collected using four questionnaires: Hackman and Oldham's social capital (1976), Nahapit and Ghasal's social capital (1998), Sherer's general self-efficacy (1982), and Tom's social-emotional skills questionnaires (2012). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings showed that the structural model was fitted with collected data. Social capital, social-emotional skills and self- efficacy positively and significantly predicts the teacher's job motivation. In addition, self-efficacy mediates the relationship between teacher's job motivation and social-emotional skills and social capital. In total, 35% of the variance of job motivation is explained by predictor variables. Conclusion: Educational psychologists are advised to consider the role of teachers' self-efficacy, social capital, and socio-emotional skills in order to enhance their job motivation.

Purpose : Most couples have communication problems in their married life, the existence of chaotic relationships has destructive effects on formation of emotional divorce among couples: purpose of this study was to present a model of emotional divorce based on differentiation with mediating role of attachment styles and experience of we-ness. Methodology : the research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all parents of students referring to counseling and guidance centers of association of parents and educators of Tehran in 2020 that their number was1836 people.the statistical sample size was considered based on Sample Power statistical software (350 people),and sampling method was multi-stage random.research tools included, Guttman (2008) Emotional Divorce Scale, Skorn and Friedlander (1989) Differentiation inventory, Collins and Reed(1990)Attachment Styles Scale, Vedes, Nussbeck,Bodenman (2013) Experience of We-ness Questionnaire,in this study, data analysis was performed using SPSS software and Smartpls Structural Equations. Findings : the results showed,presenting the model of emotional divorce based on differentiation with mediating role of attachment styles and experience of we-ness, accordance with the theoretical model and has a good fit,also,the study of direct path showed that there is asignificant negative relationship between the components of differentiation, attachment styles and experience of we-ness with emotional divorce and the results of the indirect path also showed that differentiation has a significant negative relationship with mediating role of attachment styles and experience of we-ness with emotional divorce and intensity of desired effect. Conclusion : Inordertocreate cohesion and create asatisfying marital relationship based on recognizing the emotions of each couple and modifying the attachment style and type of differentiation of couples,we can confront the psychological elements to improve the relationship between couples during medical considerations

Purpose : Entrepreneurial orientation as a new phenomenon in the economy is in a wide range and in interaction with entrepreneurship. Therefore, the purpose of this research was investigating the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on company performance with considering the role of sustainable entrepreneurial orientation and its consequences. Methodology : This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of quantitative. The research population was the entrepreneurial managers of companies located in the scientific-research of Isfahan city in 2020 year with number 208 people, which all of them selected by census sampling method, but the questionnaire for 187 people was received. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with 38 items and seven components of innovation, pioneering, risk-taking, sustainable entrepreneurial orientation, creation and expansion of new markets, organization and effective use of resources and company performance, which whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and their reliability was evaluated as suitable by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings : The findings showed that the factor load and average variance extracted of all components of innovation, pioneering, risk-taking, sustainable entrepreneurial orientation, creation and expansion of new markets, organization and effective use of resources and company performance was higher than 0.50 and the reliability of all of them with Cronbach's alpha and combination methods was higher than 0.70. In addition, the model of entrepreneurial orientation on company performance with considering the role of sustainable entrepreneurial orientation and its consequences had a good fit. Also, the sustainable entrepreneurial orientation had a direct and significant effect on innovation, pioneering, risk-taking, creation and expansion of new markets, organization and effective use of resources and company performance and company performance had a direct and significant effect on creation and expansion of new markets and organization and effective use of resources (P<0.05). Conclusion : The findings of this research indicated that entrepreneurial orientation was effective on the company performance with considering the role of sustainable entrepreneurial orientation and its consequences.

Purpose: Today, the media has an effective role in human life and based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture. Methodology : This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The study population was the managers of Iran Life Insurance Company in 1400 year, which based on the theoretical saturation principle number of 15 people were selected by purposive sampling method. To collect data were used from semi-structured interviews, which their validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and their reliability by Cohen's Kappa coefficient method was obtained 0.78. Finally, the data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method based on the grounded theory in Maxquda software. Findings : The results of the analysis showed that the pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture had 79 indicators in 24 sub-categories and 6 main categories; so that the main category of causal conditions included 3 sub-categories of media management development, strengthening insurance culture and dynamic interactions, the main category of contextual conditions included 3 sub-categories of media patterns diversity, media awareness and cultural capabilities of mass media, the main category of intervention conditions included 3 sub-categories of media transparency, media space and audience characteristics, the main category of the central phenomenon included 3 sub-categories of media structural requirements, media management requirements and media forces requirements, the main category of strategies included 3 sub-categories of evaluation of positioning process, evaluation of target media selection process and evaluation of media channels and the main categories of outcomes included 3 sub-categories of competitive advantage, development of culture insurance and market and design practical strategies. Finally, the pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture based on grounded theory was drawn. Conclusion : The results indicated the identification of many categories and indicators in the pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture. Therefore, in order to spread of life insurance culture, it is necessary to provide the ground for improving the identified indicators and categories.

Purpose: Considering the importance of aesthetic education in students, the purpose of this study was the aesthetic education of elementary school students: analysis of dimensions and components with a qualitative approach. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of exploratory inductive. The research population was specialists and professors of educational sciences of Tehran city in 2020 year, which according to the principle of theoretical saturation the sample size was determined 10 people who were selected by non-random purposive sampling method. The instrument of this research was a semi-structured interview whose validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between the two coders 0.90. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding methods in MAXQDA-2018 software. Findings: The results showed that for the aesthetic education of elementary school students were identified 21 indicators in 10 components and 3 dimensions. The dimensions were included constructing learning experiences (with 3 components of reviewing the previous lesson and learning prerequisites, briefly stating the objectives of each lesson and presenting new material along with practice by students), progress in short steps, but at a fast pace (with 3 components of applying an appropriate behaviors with aesthetics features, applying a teaching model and planning for students' learning experiences) and presenting feedback and error correction (with 4 components of applying established learning principles, regular feedback and corrections, performing exercises with clear instructions and guiding students in doing the first exercises). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is necessary to plan for the aesthetic education of elementary school students through the identified dimensions and components.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of sustainable entrepreneurship based on entrepreneurial competencies in the country's insurance businesses. In general, the approach of this research is qualitative. Methodology: This research is an applied research in terms of its goal. The statistical population included expert experts and managers in the field of entrepreneurship in the insurance industry with the conditions of more than 25 years of experience and related educations of master's degree and doctorate. In the qualitative section, 19 people were selected as a statistical sample using the snowball sampling method until the opinions were saturated. In this research, a semi-structured interview was used through in-depth interviews related to the Delphi technique. To determine the validity, face validity and content validity were used using the CVR index, and its reliability was determined by the agreement coefficient method between two coders and Cronbach's alpha. 0.88 was obtained. Data analysis was done using Delphi technique. Findings: According to the obtained results, 3 dimensions, 10 components and 63 indicators were identified for the sustainable entrepreneurship model based on entrepreneurial competencies in the country's insurance businesses. Knowledge, management and personal dimensions were recognized as dimensions of sustainable entrepreneurship based on entrepreneurial skills in insurance businesses of the country. Conclusion: For the knowledge dimension, (components of education, familiarity and experience), for the management dimension, (components of monitoring and decision-making, planning, commitment and promotion) and for the individual dimension, (behavioral, psychological and ethical components) were identified.

Purpose: Considering the importance of sports entrepreneurship opportunities, the present study was conducted with the aim of modeling strategies for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities at the Middle level. Methodology : The current research was applied-developmental in terms of its purpose and exploratory-quantitative in terms of implementation method. The research community was sports entrepreneurs and postgraduate students of sports management, 164 of whom were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula and random sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on strategies for developing sports entrepreneurship opportunities (74 items), whose face validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.74. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SmartPLS-3 software. Findings : The findings of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the solutions for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities at the middle level had 74 items in 7 situational and regional factors, market and business environment, media, education, support, management and technological infrastructure, which factor loading, convergent validity with The method of average variance extracted and reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method for all of them above 0.70. Also, the model of strategies for developing sports entrepreneurship opportunities had a good fit at the middle level and the model had a significant effect on each of the seven factors (P<0.001). Conclusion : According to the factors identified for the model of strategies for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities at the middle level and the effect of the model on each of the factors to improve the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities, the conditions can be provided for the improvement of each of the factors.

Purpose: based on the role of consistency and academic engagement in academic performance, this research aims to determine the effectiveness of flourishing education on the consistency and academic engagement of students. Methodology: This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design, and a control group. The statistical population of this research was the second-grade high school students of Chalus city in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample size was 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling method and replaced by the simple random method in two equal groups including experimental and control groups. The experimental group had flourishing education for two months at 8 sessions (one session a week), and the control group did not receive any education. The research tools were Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews & Kelly's (2007) consistency questionnaire and Reeve & Tseng's (2011) academic engagement questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis methods in SPSS software at a sig. level of 0.05. Findings: the results showed that flourishing education increased students' consistency (and both of its dimensions include stability in interest and persistence in effort) and academic engagement (and all four of its dimensions include cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and agency) (P<0.05) after controlling for the effect of the pre-test. Conclusion: it is essential to use the mentioned method to improve academic characteristics by considering the effectiveness of flourishing education in increasing consistency and academic engagement in students.

Purpose: The current research, which is of the grounded theory type, was carried out with the aim of designing a model for developing strategic thinking of Islamic Azad University administrators. Methodology: The statistical population of this research is academic experts who have experience and education related to research in Azad University. The snowball method was used for sampling and the number of samples increased until reaching theoretical saturation, and finally 25 people were selected as the sample. To analyze the data obtained from the (semi-structured) interviews, the coding method was used in the grounded theory. In such a way that the data obtained from the interviews have been used in the three-step process of open, central and selective coding in accordance with the grounded theory process. Findings: The findings of the research indicated that the causal conditions include 1. Individual factors, 2. Organizational factors, 3. Discourse creation. The central phenomenon includes the development of managers' strategic thinking, which includes 1. Individual dimension, 2. Intuitive dimension, 3. Systemic view. Contextual factors include 1. Cultural platform 2. Learning context 3. Psychological factors 4. Organizational independence. And intervention factors include environmental factors in two dimensions a) within the organization and b) out of the organization. The strategies include talent management in two dimensions a) (talent acquisition) b) recruitment and retention. Conclusion: As a result, human resource empowerment activities, job satisfaction and performance of employees increases because the role of employees in realizing the organization's goals increases as a result of their empowerment.

Purpose: Professional development of managers is one of the factors affecting the position of organizations compared to other organizations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to propose a model for professional development of educational managers in the banking industry. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of objective and quantitative in terms of research method. The research population consisted of 280 Bank Sepah branch managers and educational consultants and experts of Sepah Bank headquarters in Tehran in 2021. The sample size was estimated n=161 based on Cochran's formula who were selected by simple random sampling method. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire for the professional development of educational managers (78 items) was used, the content validity of which was confirmed by 10 experts, and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method above 0.70. Finally, the data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using SPSS24. Finding: The results of the present study showed that 2 items were excluded due to the factor loading less than 0.40 and the final form of the researcher-made questionnaire for the professional development of educational managers had 76 items and 4 organizational, individual, technological and environmental dimensions and 21 components with the factor loading above 0.40. Accordingly, a 4D model for professional development of educational managers in the banking industry was drawn. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, for the professional development of educational managers, it is possible to increase its organizational, individual, technological and environmental dimensions through the related components and items.

Purpose: Today, using social networking apps has developed a lot. For this reason, the present study was conducted to normalize rumors acceptance questionnaire among the audience of social networking apps. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of objective and descriptive correlational in terms of correlation type. The research population consisted of active Iranian audiences in Telegram and Instagram during 2019-2020. The sample size was estimated to be n=368, who were selected using the convenience sampling method, respecting the proportion of users of Telegram and Instagram. The data were collected by rumors acceptance questionnaire (Kim & Bock, 2011) and analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and one-sample t-test using SPSS. Findings : The results showed that the rumor acceptance questionnaire had 48 items and five factors of rumor transmission, reasoning, negative emotions, credibility and believing, and the factor loading of all items and their factors were above 0.40. In addition to confirming the construct validity of the tool by the factor analysis, the content validity of the tool according to the opinion of experts and reliability by Cronbach's alpha for the five factors were 0.91, 0.87, 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92; and 0.95 for the tool, respectively. Other results showed that the average acceptance of rumors and its factors were higher than the average except for rumor transmission, which was lower than the average (P<0.05). Conclusion : The rumors acceptance questionnaire among the audience of social networking apps had good validity and reliability. Therefore, the above tool can be used by other researchers to check the acceptance of rumors.

Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to identify the challenges of implementing participatory governance in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country. Methodology: This study was a mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative section included the faculty members and experts in the field of public administration, professors familiar with the subject of the research and managers with experience in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country, who were selected as 12 subjects using the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative section also included managers, deputies and experts of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Sciences of the country. The research tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, it was a researcher made questionnaire. Theme analysis was used to analyze the information in the qualitative part and the AHP method was used to prioritize the factors. Findings: The results indicated that; infrastructures, bureaucratic factors, environmental obstacles, weakness in policy making, public accountability, communication, joint commitment, trust building, obstacles related to executives and common destiny are the main challenges in the implementation of participatory governance in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of the country. Conclusion: A total of 10 main themes and 59 sub-themes were identified.

Purpose: Moral capital is one of the most basic issues in human societies. The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the precursors and consequences of the moral capital of principals of special non-governmental elementary schools in Tehran. Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of objective, in interpretive paradigm in terms of qualitative approach, and content analysis in terms of strategy. The research population consisted of 15 principals working in non-governmental primary schools in Tehran, who were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation and using purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and the validity of the data was confirmed by the triangulation method, and its reliability was estimated to be more than 70% by the agreement coefficient method of two coders. Data were analyzed by open, axial, and selective coding method in MAXQDA software. According to the findings, the antecedents of managers' moral capital included 35 subcategories in 9 main categories and the consequences of managers' moral capital included 25 subcategories in 2 main categories including individual consequences and social consequences. Findings : The results show that the causal conditions include the family characteristics, community characteristics, the personality and professional characteristics of the manager and the contextual conditions including the organizational culture of education, the important role of management in the primary school, the policies and laws of education and intervening factors including economic factors, social factors and organizational factors as the most important precursors have a positive and significant effect on the moral capital of managers. Conclusion: Also, the most important consequences of managers' moral capital are individual consequences and social consequences. According to the results of the present research and in order to realize the consequences of the moral capital of the principals of special non-governmental primary schools, the context must be provided for the realization of its precursors.

Purpose: In this study, a minimal theoretical framework was set based on the coexistence of different analytical levels to discover the causes for the success of students and schools in science Olympiads with two separate analysis units. Methodology: This research has been conducted at two micro and intermediate levels through multiple case study and in-depth interview. At the intermediate level, the analysis unit was school and the statistical population included all schools. The intermediate level research sample included two sets: positive cases (5 successful schools from Yazd province) and negative cases (5 unsuccessful schools from Ardabil province), which were selected purposefully. The strategy used at this level was multiple case studies, and the results were analyzed with the comparative qualitative technique. For the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument at this level, real and theoretical repetition was used. At the micro level, the unit of analysis was Olympiad students and 10 interviews were conducted by considering the condition of theoretical saturation. The research tool included in-depth interviews with students, which were analyzed using the grounded theory and the open-centered-selective coding technique. For the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument, the inter-coder agreement and the review of the results by the members were used, and in the comparative study, real and theoretical repetition was used. Findings: This study showed that students’ success in scientific Olympiads is a function of the constructive interaction of the two main institutions (school Olympiad atmosphere and attracting family support) and regional success experience. Other factors such as student cognitive interest, the attractiveness of Olympiad competition, and external incentives are also important. The results of comparative analysis of schools are parallel to the results of the above research and complement it, as the results showed that among the successful schools, almost all the main criteria, including the seminar to introduce parents to attract their support, educational counseling, and classes by former medalists, among other factors, determine the success of schools. Conclusion: According to the findings, it should be said that the success of students and schools in the science Olympiad is affected by several factors at the micro, intermediate, and macro levels, including the quality of the actors to the synergistic atmosphere of school and family.

Purpose: Cultural leadership plays a vital role in more effective management and leadership of organizations. As a result, this paper aimed to provide a cultural leadership pattern in Iranian educational organizations using content analysis technique. Methodology : This study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of execution method. The research population consisted of experts in the field of culture and management of educational organizations in Iran in 2019. According to the principle of theoretical saturation, 22 subjects were selected as sample with the purposive sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, whose validity was confirmed by triangulation method and its reliability was calculated to be 0.82 by the inter-coder agreement method. Finally, the data were analyzed based on open, axial and selective coding using the content analysis technique. Findings : Results showed that cultural leadership in Iranian educational organizations had 129 open codes or indicators, 25 axial codes or concepts, and 3 selective codes or categories. The category of individual competencies includes 13 concepts of cultural strategic thinking, cultural intelligence, cultural analysis skills, ethical orientation, fairness, jihadi spirit, rule of law, excellence, belief in cultural citizenship, managerial intelligence, charisma, self-management and artistry, the category of interpersonal competencies includes 3 concepts of creating cooperation culture, emotional and trust-building leadership and management of relationships with others and the category of organizational competencies including 9 concepts of cultural diversity management, cultural integration, equal access to cultural services, management of organizational values and beliefs, management of organizational cultural heritage, organizational traditionalism, cultural influence, cultural symbolization and cultural change agility. Finally, according to the identified categories and concepts, a cultural leadership pattern in Iranian educational organizations was designed. Conclusion : According to the results, some programs can be designed and implemented to improve the categories and concepts identified for the cultural leadership model in educational organizations to improve cultural leadership.

The aim of this research was the effect of providing a technological integrated package with curriculum subjects in improving digital literacy and social-emotional competence of fifth grade elementary students. The research method with a quantitative approach of semi-experimental type (quasi-experimental) with the experimental and control group design, the statistical population includes 457 students from the evaluated schools of the district and approved by Alborz province, who were selected by random sampling of 58 people. The research tool included two questionnaires, the Dundee University Digital Literacy Inventory (2016) based on the Open University Digital Skills Framework and the Boyatzis Social-Emotional Competence Inventory (2007). that the validity of both questionnaires was confirmed by experts and reliability was estimated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for digital literacy (0.942) and for social-emotional competence (0.90); Then it was distributed. The obtained data have been used with descriptive statistics (frequency table, graph, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolmogov Smirnov test, boxplot, ANOVA test, Lone test and path analysis method). The data were analyzed using Amos software version 24 and SPSS version 22. The results showed: 1) There is no significant relationship between social-emotional competence and digital literacy. 2) Among the dimensions of social-emotional competence, self-awareness (R=0.566), self-management (R=0.290) has a positive and significant relationship with digital literacy, and relationship management (R=0.348) has an inverse relationship with digital literacy. And it has meaning. 3) Among the dimensions of social-emotional competence, only the dimension of social awareness (R=0.133) has no significant relationship with digital literacy. 4) Among the dimensions of social-emotional competence, the highest impact is related to the dimension of self-awareness and the lowest is related to the dimension of self-management.

Purpose: Educational activities play an important role in the growth and flourishing of talents and abilities. As a result, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the model of implementing educational activities in the preschool period. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was practical and terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of exploratory. The statistical population of the present study was all the preschool period teachers in the east of Tehran province, numbering 1830 people who based on Cochran's formula the sample size was estimated to be 318 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data was collected with a researcher-made questionnaire of educational activities in the preschool period with 110 items and its face validity was confirmed by the opinion of 30 experts and its reliability was evaluated suitable by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analysed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling methods in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the model of implementing educational activities in the preschool period had 110 indicators in 20 components and 8 dimensions. Its dimensions and components were included goals (with 2 components of general goal and partial goal), content (with 5 components of children's educational ability, analysis ability, content comparison ability, content recombination and content production training), teaching and learning strategies (with 2 component of teaching characteristics and teaching techniques), learning activities (with 2 components of personalized learning and active learning), grouping (with 3 components of individual characteristics of the child, various forms of group activities and emotional and social characteristics), resources (with 3 components of required resources and facilities , characteristics of resources and materials and use of visual resources and materials), evaluation (with 1 component of child evaluation characteristics), time and place (with 2 components of time management and space management) which their content validity ratio was calculated higher than 0.70 and their reliability with Cronbach's alpha method was calculated higher than 0.70. Conclusion: The confirmed model of implementing educational activities in the preschool period of the current research can help the specialists and planners of the education system in designing and implementing programs to improve the educational activities in the preschool period.

Purpose: In Iran, women have major challenges and are in high conflict between the elites and the rulers. In many cases, society still emphasizes the maternal role of women more than her entry into the public arena, and this is in the fundamental contradiction of the women's management system in various forums. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to present the pattern of the status of the women's management system in the sports assemblies. Methodology: This study was performed in a combined method, the first part of which is the basis of the basis and the second part was done by scrolling. The statistical sample in the first part of the 16th sportsmen and professors and senior sports managers and in a few 141 people were studied. Data analysis in three stages of coding was open, pivotal and nucleus. In the quantitative section, the model and assumptions have been tested using the navigation method. Findings: With the analysis of 16 deep interviews and the implementation of these interviews, 125 meaningful concepts and propositions are extracted, and then from these 125 concepts, 141 corresponding concepts are pulled out. The overlap and meaning of many of the corresponding concepts led the researchers using their theoretical sensitivity to introduce and explain these 141 concepts to 27 sub -categories and ultimately 27 sub -categories with ten main categories. These ten subcategories consisting of; Identity in managerial spaces, the ability to divide, overcome gender spaces, effective control, planning, networking and communication skills, field and leadership, social support for women's management, exercise management and organizational efficiency, which are more abstracted by coding. Selection, a nuclear category as "the position of the women's management system in sports assemblies in the context of overcoming gender spaces and gaining social support for women's management in the ability to divide and organizational efficiency with women's intervention and communication skills based on field strategies and leadership, program. The centrality and management of management, despite the consequences of identifying in managerial and effective control spaces in Iranian society, appear to be realized in Iran, "which can cover all other categories. Conclusion: Considering the weakness of existing theoretical models in the field of the position of women's management system in sports associations, a new approach to explaining the management system of women in sports in Iran can help the health of women's sports.