درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The ever-evolving landscape of International Criminal Law (ICL), as a field that connects different branches and levels of law, requires meticulous deliberation. Establishing international justice is a crucial step in ensuring that all perpetrators are held accountable. The International Criminal Court (ICC/the Court) has issued two arrest warrants against the President and Commissioner for Children’s Rights of the Russian Federation, on March 17, 2023, for their involvement in forced population transfer which is an international crime under the Rome Statute. This research article seeks to explore the Ukraine situation from the perspective of ICL and examine the arrest warrants issued by the ICC against Russian authorities. Additionally, it briefly addresses the Ukraine’s lawfare against Russia at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). While the issuance of the arrest warrants is in itself a positive step toward the fortification of international criminal justice, the implementation of these warrants specifically regarding the President of the Russian Federation seems to be very problematic. Nevertheless, in spite of the challenges faced by the ICC in this situation, issuance of the arrest warrants reveals a significant reality: international criminal justice does not exempt even the president of a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Furthermore, the legal actions taken by Ukraine against Russia at both the ICJ and ECtHR are legally positive steps towards halting aggression and restoring international peace and security through international law. However, these actions face challenges such as time constraints and compliance.

Worker wages represent a critical dimension of labor rights, encompassing all forms of remuneration arising from employment contracts. Given the inherent power imbalance between employers and employees, there exists an ongoing concern that employers, driven by the desire to minimize operational costs, may offer unjust wages to workers. Consequently, various frameworks are employed across societies to establish minimum wage standards. Social security stands as a fundamental indicator of the welfare levels of workers and vulnerable populations, providing a vital criterion for evaluating public satisfaction with governance. This research employs library resources, alongside descriptive-analytical and comparative approaches, to examine the relevant laws and documents within the national legal frameworks of Iran and Canada, as well as pertinent international instruments. The findings, based on the study's hypotheses, suggest that the systems governing equality in rights within Iran and Canada, as well as in international documents, emphasize the right to receive insurance benefits and secure employment as foundational elements of equality rights. Furthermore, the domains of relief and support serve to enhance these foundational structures.