درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Management is an effective and goal-oriented process that guides an organization. This guidance involves five sequential functions: planning, organizing, leading, coordinating, and controlling and evaluating. The fundamental knowledge of management, or the management process, has been present even in ancient civilizations such as those of the Iranians, Egyptians, Sumerians, and others. In Islamic civilization, we have had grand and civilizational management systems. Today, the successful implementation of an HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) management system depends on the participation of all employees. Given that job satisfaction can influence employee performance, this study aims to model the relationship between job satisfaction and the HSE performance of Pars Oil and Gas Company employees. The statistical population of this research consists of all employees of Pars Oil and Gas Company (N = 5300). Using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling, 360 employees were selected as the sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and to ensure its validity, the opinions of several university faculty members were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was applied to confirm the reliability, yielding values of 0.79 for job satisfaction and 0.83 for HSE performance. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and HSE performance (P-value < 0.01). The regression results show that, in two steps, the indices of job natureand security and safety, which had the highest impact on HSE performance, were included in the analysis. In the first step, the job nature index explains 59% of thevariance in the response variable (HSE performance), and in the second step, with the inclusion of the security and safety index, this figure increases to 63%

Iranian stock market, as a reflection of the real sector of the country's economy, has experienced many uncertainties and challenges in recent years. One of the macroeconomic factors that vaguely affects stock market is exchange rate, which has a significant volatile pattern with several overshoots during recent years. As a result, analyzing the impact of the exchange rate on stock price has become important as always. Bearing the restrictions on Iran’s trade and spectacular role of exchange rate in Iranian economy along with monetary expansion and fiscal dominance in mind, stock market reacts to exchange rate fluctuations in an asymmetric way. In order to prevent the impact of outliers and parametrical failures, this study seeks to examine the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the stock price using quantile regression. Based on daily data between 2020/10/12 till 2024/12/20 and using first difference of both stock price logarithm and exchange rate logarithm, it became vivid that the impact of the exchange rate on the stock price is different in estimated quantiles and it is U shaped. Meaning when Stock market is stable and there are no absolute pattern of growth or crash around the median, exchange rate could not explain the stock price significantly. However, if the stock market goes bearish or bullish, quantiles where market is on its lowest or in top two quantiles, exchange rate has a crucial positive impact on the market which complies with evidence in the sample period.

Transparency can be defined as the provision of sufficient, relevant, and reliable information for stakeholders. Due to numerous limitations, transparency and disclosure remain a challenge in the Iranian banking sector. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of ownership structure on the transparency and disclosure of banks. To assess ownership structure, three variables are used: the percentage of shares held by the largest shareholder, the percentage of shares held by institutional shareholders, and the percentage of shares held by individual investors. The research method is of a correlational type in terms of content and nature. This study is applied in terms of its goal and is quantitative in nature based on the data. Statistical analysis was conducted on the information of 13 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2022. An ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator with fixed-year effects and Stata software version 17 were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study show that the variables of individual investors' shares, the largest shareholder's shares, and institutional shareholders' shares have the most significant impact on the transparency and disclosure of banks, respectively. These findings indicate that the presence and influence of individual investors, large shareholders, and institutional shareholders each play a crucial role in improving the transparency and disclosure of banks.

The present study aims to examine and explain the role of rail transport in Iran’s economic development from the customers' perspective. This research was conducted using a survey method, employing a questionnaire distributed among 384 rail transport customers. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by five experts, and its reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, with values exceeding 0.7 for all variables, indicating satisfactory reliability of the measurement tool. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results revealed that rail transport has a significant impact on attracting global business opportunities, economic competitiveness, traffic congestion reduction, and road maintenance. Additionally, this study examined the relationship between rail infrastructure development and its impact on economic productivity. The findings indicated that increased investment in the rail transport sector can enhance transportation efficiency and improve Iran's trade conditions. One of the most critical outcomes of this study was identifying the challenges hindering the expansion of the rail system, including high development costs and a lack of attractiveness for private investors. This research can assist policymakers in developing appropriate strategies to improve rail transport. The findings align with international studies in this field, emphasizing the importance of this sector in sustainable economic development. It is recommended that precise planning be undertaken to expand rail networks and enhance service quality in this domain