درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In this study, we make an effort to look at the Resilience of Islamic banks across Pakistan along with how particular banking variables influence their resilience. The data set used for this study is made up of Pakistani Islamic banks from 2015 to 2021. Employing the VOLARE index, it is apparent that Meezan Bank has higher resilience compared to other Islamic banks. Regression approaches were additionally used to assess the association between banking-specific variables and bank resilience. Given that the bulk of Islamic banks have witnessed gains in recent years, the bank size showed a positive and substantial relationship in the estimation. Additionally, as prudential laws have been strengthened by the state bank of Pakistan, the capital adequacy ratio and leverage ratio also found significant and beneficial connections in the model's results. Nevertheless, the regression analysis demonstrated an adverse relationship between the leverage ratio, the non-performing loan ratio, and inflation. This study offers information that will help practitioners, scholars, and researchers to strengthen the economic and financial sources regarding the resilience of Islamic institutions.

Environment quality and its determinants are one of the main challenges of the present and future of humanity and sustainable development is interpreted in the direction of preserving and improving the environment. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the factors affecting environmental quality. One of the main topics that have been less considered in the related studies is the impact of governance on the quality of the environment. In this study, the impact of good governance components, including economic freedom, trade freedom, and political freedom, on the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and its sub-indices including environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and climate change is investigated. The data required for statistical analysis are related to Middle East and North Africa region countries and Turkiye (MENAT) during 2000-2021. The panel data method was used to estimate the model and examine the relationship between the variables. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic freedom and political freedom with the environmental performance index (EPI), and there is no significant relationship between trade freedom and EPI. </span>In addition, the study found that economic freedom had a detrimental effect on ecosystem vitality and climate change, leading to negative impacts in these areas. However, it had a positive impact on environmental health, indicating that it contributed positively to this aspect. On the other hand, political freedom was observed to have a positive effect on the vitality of the ecosystem and climate change. However, it did not have a significant impact on the overall health of the environment, suggesting that its influence was more prominent in specific areas related to ecosystem vitality and climate change. <span style="layout-grid-mode: line;" data-mce-fragment="1">The result of this research showed that economic freedom has led to more investment in the oil and gas sector of MENA countries, and therefore wastewater and gas emissions have had a negative impact on the vitality of the environment and climate change, but with the increase in production and sales of oil and Gas, per capita income of countries has increased, and environmental health has improved. Also, considering that political freedom among the MENA region has a lot of diversity, the results showed that the countries with more political freedom, through greater awareness of the society and more accountability of the governments and the establishment of environmental protection laws, had a positive impact on the environment. Of course, the environmental health index is more influenced by the economic situation and per capita production of countries and political freedom has little effect on it.

The research has contributed extensively in the area of Good Governance and Supportive Work Culture since there was very limited study on their relationship from theories studied. But this research results achieved that because it’s been significant in the path model. There were several researches on Good governance and Job Satisfaction and, Supportive Work Culture and Job Satisfaction but not much is proving on Good Governance and Supportive Work Culture as the main research gap identified in the theoretical model. This research has confirmed that there is strong relationship between Good Governance and Supportive Work Culture. This result has showed that Good Governance effects Job Satisfaction through Supportive Work Culture partially mediated because Good Governance can have some direct effects to Job Satisfaction without Supportive Work Culture mediating since it is not a complete mediation. This is a scientific research paper with the aim to add findings knowledge to researcher fratanity.