درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this research was to explain critical thinking in electronic education. The qualitative research aimed at analyzing the importance of critical thinking skills in improving students' virtual education learning with a descriptive-interpretive approach sought answers to the following 2 questions: 1- How do students describe their learning experiences with critical thinking in virtual education? 2- What changes has the critical thinking skill made in learning the virtual education of students? The data collection tool was an open-ended interview, with 12 of the 98 incoming student teachers, with targeted sampling and the research location of the Faculty of Teacher Education, Farhangian University of Ardabil, who had studied with virtual education. Analysis of the findings after implementing the experiences and interviews of the students and the components obtained from the open and central and selective coding with 6 components (self-knowledge - spirituality - media literacy - receptivity to criticism and criticism - pluralism - cognition and metacognition) It led to the conclusion of the following 3 themes according to the elements of the national curriculum and the goals of education as follows: 1- Communication with oneself 2- Communication with God 3- Communication with creation It could be used in educational systems and the positive and negative consequences in learning and education in order to be successful in learning, and it is necessary that the virtual learner is not limited to education, but must be a critical thinker or acquire educational skills and abilities during his education.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the self-compassion and body image of women from different ethnicities (Azeri, Kurdish, Persian) in Urmia city, and in fact, The goal was to create a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon of the subject of research.Method: This is Causal-comparative research whose statistical population consisted of 342 women who were selected in 2022. Through a Stratified Sampling method, Statistical populations were chosen based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned (Stratified random sampling). Data collection tools included a demographic checklist NEF(2003) Self-compassion scale (SCS); Cash et al(1990)Multidimensional Body- Self Relations questionnaire (MSRQ). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied by the SPSS-26 program. Result: Therefore, according to the results of the present study, There is no significant difference in the level of self-compassion (F=0.64 and P < 0.05) and body image(F=0.66 and P < 0.05) among different ethnicities. Based on this basic research, it is suggested that psychosocial variables should be investigated more in future research because a better understanding of them, provides a framework by which we can understand how we identify ourselves, and how we interact in groups and in society.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to predict academic enthusiasm based on social adequacy and parenting styles, considering the mediating role of social support in students. Method: In terms of the purpose of this research, it is of an applied type and in terms of data collection methods, it is of a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population in this research includes all the high school students of the 2nd district of Ardabil. the statistical sample of the research also includes 368 students (172 girls and 196 boys) of high schools in the 2nd district of Ardabil. They are selected by stratified sampling method. Research questionnaires include; The social support questionnaire (Vaux et al., 1986), the 30-question parenting style questionnaire (Baumrinds, 1973), the academic enthusiasm scale (Fredericks et al., 2004) and the social adequacy questionnaire (Fellner et al., 1990) were used, and the validity and reliability have been proven by psychologists and professors in this field. SPSS-16 software, Pearson's correlation method and multiple linear regression analysis were used to check the correlation between variables. Findings: The findings indicate that the mediating role of social support in the relationship between academic enthusiasm and social adequacy and parenting styles of students is positive and significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be said that social adequacy and parenting styles can predict students' academic enthusiasm due to the presence of social support.

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement (MBRE) and Emotion Focused (EFT) therapies on marital satisfaction and intimacy in couples with low self-disclosure. Method: This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Kermanshah, Iran, in 2022-2023 who had a low level of self-disclosure. 30 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent MBRE (eight 90-minute couple sessions) and the second experimental group EFT intervention (nine 90-minute couple sessions). The control group did not receive any intervention. The Marital Self-Disclosure (Waring et al. 1998), the short form of the Marital Satisfaction (Favers and Olson, 1993) and the Intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983) scales were used for collecting the data. Results: The results of Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (Mixed Model) showed that both interventions increased marital satisfaction and intimacy (p<0.01) and this effect was maintained during the follow-up period. Also, findings indicated that there is a significant difference between MBRE and EFT therapies; MBRE has been more effective in increasing marital satisfaction and intimacy than EFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: MBRE has been more effective than the EFT on solving the marital satisfaction and intimacy due to the involvement of couples in mind-body relationship and mental self-awareness. Therefore, this treatment is suggested to marital counselors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Imago therapy training on emotional orientation, sexual self-efficacy and sexual intimacy of married women. Methods and Materials: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control design was used in this study. The study focused on all women in Alborz province, Iran in 2021. Through purposeful sampling, 30 eligible individuals were selected and randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group, with 15 women in each group. The experimental group received ten sessions of Imago therapy, while the control group remained on a waiting list. The data collection tools included the Emotional Orientation in Sexual Relations Questionnaire (Aliabadian & Hassanzadeh, 2018), the Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Vaziri & Lotfi, 2012), and the Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire (Shahsiah, 2010). Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 22, with a significance level of 0.05.Findings: Based on the results achieved, it can be concluded that every factor displayed noteworthy F values (P<0.01). Consequently, the affirmation of imago therapy training's influence on emotional orientation, sexual self-efficacy, and sexual intimacy of married women was confirmed.Conclusion: According to Imago therapy, the subjects in the experimental group demonstrated a considerable impact on their levels of sexual longing, confidence in their sexual abilities, and emotional intimacy. Counselors and clinical psychologists in appropriate centers are advised to incorporate communication imaging training (Imago therapy) as a means of enhancing both sexual self-assurance and emotional connection about women's sexual relationships.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy based on mentality in reducing feelings of loneliness and depression, as well as improving self-concept, among single women over 40 years of age in Khorramabad. Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements, including experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all single women over the age of 40 who had never been married as of 2022. A random sampling method was used to select 30 participants. The instruments used for data collection included the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Self-Concept Scale. The intervention consisted of schema therapy based on mentality. Results: The results from both multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance indicated that the schema therapy based on mentality had a significant impact on reducing feelings of loneliness and depression and improving self-concept (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that schema therapy based on mentality effectively reduces feelings of loneliness and depression while enhancing the self-concept of single women.

Creativity is an essential element of cognition and thinking. Thinking is defined as the process of reorganizing or modifying the stored information and symbols in long-term memory. In this context, creativity is closely linked to analytical ability and the mind's capacity for visualization. The present study aims to predict creative thinking and emotional creativity based on executive brain functions among second-grade high school students in Jafarabad city. The study employs a correlational methodology with descriptive characteristics and applied purposes. The statistical population consists of all male and female second-grade high school students in Jafarabad city, totaling 493 individuals. The sample size was determined Using Cochran's formula, resulting in the selection of 218 students. Standardized questionnaires for Abedi Creative Thinking Questionnaire 2013, Ivoril emotional creativity questionnaire 1999, and Questionnaire of executive functions of the rescue brain 2013 were used as data collection tools. The results of the reliability calculation of the questionnaires showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated for creative thinking (0.84), emotional creativity (0.92) and brain executive function (0.79). which shows that the questionnaires are at an acceptable level. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, including descriptive and inferential analyses through tables, demographic charts, and regression analysis. The results suggest that executive brain function components can predict both creative thinking and emotional creativity.