درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: To investigate whether neuroticism and extraversion predicted job-related affective wellbeing of people working under stressful conditions, notably emergency room nurses. Also, to investigate whether perceived job stress mediated the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion and job-related affective well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was administered to 242 nurses working at an emergency room in Tehran, Iran, recruited through census sampling, including two sub-scales of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale, and the Job Stress Questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling was deployed for data analysis using SPSS Amos v22.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS, setting significance threshold at p<.05. Results: Direct and statistically significant effects of neuroticism (β = -.17, p<.005) and extraversion (β = .41, p<.001) on perceived job stress were found, as well as a negative effect of extraversion on job-related affective well-being (β = -.27, p<.001). Perceived job stress was found to negatively predict job-related affective well-being (β = -0.60, p<.001). There was no significant relationship between neuroticism and job-related affective well-being. The mediating effect of perceived job stress was supported (p<.001). Conclusion: Results have theoretical implications for research about the relationship between personality traits and job-related well-being of employees working under stressful conditions. As for practical implications, hospital managers might implement workplace interventions to enhance nurses’ job-related affective well-being and reduce nurses’ job stress. In this context, extraversion and job stress should be understood as psychosocial risk factors, whereas neuroticism should be conceived as a protective factor against job stress.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of gender moderators in the effectiveness of the Iranian positive youth development package (IPYD) on the components of social-emotional health. Method: For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stage, 60 male and female adolescents aged 15-17 years studying in the academic year 2009-2010 were randomly selected in Isfahan. First, all members of the experimental and control groups completed the Zhou and Ee (2012) Emotional-Social Competency Questionnaire, and then the experimental groups were trained with a researcher-made package for 16 sessions of 45 minutes. In the meantime, the control group benefited from the daily training of the school. At the end of the sessions and 40 days later, all groups completed the questionnaire again. Result: Findings showed that the package of the positive development of Iranian adolescence in the short term has led to an increase in the dimensions of social and emotional health in self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management, and responsible decision-making in both genders, and in long term has caused an increase in all dimensions in girls (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the Iranian adolescent positive development package is a suitable package to strengthen the components of positive development, achieve emotional-social health, and reduce problems and issues in different areas of developmental periods and the subsequent costs for adolescents, their families, and society. Keywords: Development, Emotional health, gender, Positive psychology, Social health.

Objective: Although HIV-infected women in Iran face many problems, researches in this area are limited. This research aims to understand and deeply comprehend the issues and challenges of HIV-infected women. Method: Qualitative content analysis was used in this study and participants in the research of HIV-infected women were using three supportive health centers in Tehran. 17 participants were selected through purposive sampling method. The data collection technique is a semi-structured in-depth interview. Thematic data were coded and interpreted using thematic analysis. Results: 6 categories of interview analysis were: "social exclusion", "job problems", "social phobia caused by stigma", "mental problems", "treatment problems" and “coping mechanisms”. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that HIV-infected women face many challenges in the individual and social field for the social reunion and to reduce their problems, besides individual empowerment, structural and social interventions are also essential. The results of this study can be used in the field of policy-making, the presentation of supportive programs, social services for HIV-infected women and their families.

The light of science and civilization has absorbed the contemporary people as if it has led them to the promised palaces of humanity and all problems have been solved by the hands of these two elements. Nevertheless, the crisis of absurdity and frustration have destroyed man from inside. We believe that the shining teachings of the Holy Qur’an, which indeed originate from the source of revelation, can well guide the intellectual and then the practical dimension of man so that there will be no room for despair and spiritual gaps. The reason behind the success of this healing version is that it was issued by the Creator of man and the universe, Who, in addition to good qualities, demands the growth and development of man. This article aims to analyze the basic strategy of the Holy Qur’an for the intellectual nourishment of man, on the one hand, and to satisfy the practical dimension of man, on the other.     Keywords

One of the controversial issues is the infallibility of the prophets, which has long been a point of contention among Islamic scholars. Hence, each of the Islamic sects has a different opinion on this issue; However, all of them have absolutely accepted the principle of the infallibility of the prophets. Among the Islamic sects that accept the infallibility of the prophets and have a different view from the other is the Shiite Imamiyah. A small number of Imamis do not consider infallibility from error and mistake in ordinary affairs necessary for an infallible person and consider negligence and forgetfulness in these matters permissible; However, according to Imami scholars, the prophets are immune from all minor and major sins from childhood and even before puberty, and they are infallible in all matters. Accordingly, this article, with the aim of “knowing and getting acquainted with the famous opinion of Imami scholars”, deals with the scope and realm of the infallibility of the prophets and answers some doubts about this issue in order to clarify it according to the famous imami scholars, which in fact originates from Imams’ words, the Shiite Imams accept the infallibility of the prophets and do not accept any negligence or forgetfulness in any of the affairs and stages of their lifetime.