درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The study, which has been derived from a larger project, examined how effective ChatGPT, compared to human raters, is for scoring writing tasks when tasks were arranged from simple to complex or vice versa. In so doing, a correlational design was employed. The participants were 113 EFL learners. Two sets of writing tasks were customized based on the SSARC (simplify, stabilize, automatize, reconstruct, complexify) model. The participants were divided into two groups. They took a pre-test and did tasks in two different orders. The tasks were rectified by the researcher and returned to them later. The participants enhanced their text based on comments on tasks. After that, they took a posttest. Human raters and ChatGPT scored the pretests and posttests.  A Pearson Correlation test was run to obtain the correlation between a human rater and ChatGPT. The results indicated a strong positive correlation between scores assessed by human raters and those by ChatGPT when tasks were arranged from simple to complex (r = 968, p > 05) or complex to simple (r = 860, p > 05). These findings suggest that ChatGPT can be an effective tool for writing assessments. Suggestions for further research are discussed.

In this paper, the European option pricing is done using neural networks in the Black-Scholes-Vasicek market. The general purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of neural network and Black-Scholes-Vasicek models for the pricing of call options. In the sequel, the finite difference method is applied to find approximate solutions of partial differential equation related to option pricing in the considered market. In the design of the artificial neural network required for this research, the parameters of the Black-Scholes-Vasicek model have been used as network inputs, as well as 720 data from the daily price of stock options available in the Tehran Stock Exchange market (in 1400) as the network output. The approximate solutions obtained in this article, which were carried out by two methods of neural networks and finite differences on the Tehran stock exchange based on the daily price of stock options, are shown that neural networks are more accurate method comparing with finite difference. The comparison of pricing results using neural networks with real prices in the assumed market is presented and shown via diagram, as well. In this paper, the European option pricing is done using neural networks in the Black-Scholes-Vasicek market. The general purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of neural network and Black-Scholes-Vasicek models for the pricing of call options. In the sequel, the finite difference method is applied to find approximate solutions of partial differential equation related to option pricing in the considered market. In the design of the artificial neural network required for this research, the parameters of the Black-Scholes-Vasicek model have been used as network inputs, as well as 720 data from the daily price of stock options available in the Tehran Stock Exchange market (in 1400) as the network output. The approximate solutions obtained in this article, which were carried out by two methods of neural networks and finite differences on the Tehran stock exchange based on the daily price of stock options, are shown that neural networks are more accurate method comparing with finite difference. The comparison of pricing results using neural networks with real prices in the assumed market is presented and shown via diagram, as well.

A house is the origin of many bitter and sweet experiences and the place for the formation of people's personality and identity. One of the wonders of creation is the presence of different needs in men and women. Hence, designers and architects need to review architectural design to create mental comfort in houses, which consist of two different genders. This study aimed to investigate gender differences and their impacts on residential spaces to provide suggestions for better housing designs. For this, primary concepts about gender were first raised, and then relevant theories were examined to describe the interaction of the concept of gender in a residential space. In the end, the feasibility of appropriate designs, which help promote the quality of a residential environment, was measured. The study methodology was qualitative, which described a desirable housing space. According to questionnaire analyses and a survey of 20 men and women, it was concluded that women tended to focus on details and kitchens, whereas men valued living rooms and halls. In sum, it was critical to separate public spaces from private spaces and to give characters to spaces. The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that affect desirable housing spaces and residential-architectural criteria in giving gender to spaces. Findings revealed gender differences stemming from cultural, social, and historical aspects; therefore, people's genders, along with other factors such as age, tastes, and needs, should be considered in designing spaces.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) in improving relationship quality and conflict resolution styles among betrayed spouses. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 30 participants from Tehran, Iran, who were recruited through counseling centers and online advertisements. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (15 participants), which received eight weekly 90-minute EST sessions, or the control group (15 participants), which did not receive any therapeutic intervention during the study period. Data were collected at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up, using standardized measures of relationship quality and conflict resolution styles. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 27. Findings: The results indicated significant improvements in both relationship quality and conflict resolution styles in the experimental group compared to the control group. For relationship quality, repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between time and group (F(2, 54) = 82.46, p < .001). Similarly, for conflict resolution styles, a significant interaction effect was observed (F(2, 54) = 76.92, p < .001). Bonferroni post-hoc tests showed that these improvements were sustained at the five-month follow-up. Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy is an effective intervention for enhancing relationship quality and conflict resolution styles in betrayed spouses. By targeting maladaptive schemas and promoting emotional regulation, EST provides a comprehensive framework for addressing relational challenges following infidelity. These findings support the integration of EST into marital therapy practices.

Objective: This study employed an aims to evaluate the effectiveness of SST in enhancing the mental health of couples. Methods: In the quantitative section of this explanatory mixed-method design, a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group was utilized. The Mental Health Inventory-28 (MHI-28) by Basharat (2009) was employed to assess couples' mental health before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 software, and the findings indicated that SST significantly improved couples' mental health. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with couples to examine their experiences with this type of therapy through descriptive phenomenology. Findings: According to the eta coefficient, SST accounted for 34% of the variance in the psychological well-being subscale and 17% in the psychological distress subscale, indicating large and medium effect sizes, respectively. The qualitative findings supported the quantitative results, highlighting positive changes such as improved emotional state, increased interest in life, a sense of calmness, feeling loved, hope for the future, and reduced stress and distress one month after the session. These changes aligned with the subscales and questions of the mental health questionnaire, serving as confirmation of the quantitative outcomes. Conclusion: Ultimately, this study emphasizes the importance of SST as an effective therapeutic tool for couples. The findings may be valuable for therapists and future researchers while encouraging clients to seek therapy.

This paper deals with the development of a financial management maturity model for sports organizations based on artificial intelligence. We jointly consider enhancing financial transparency, oversight and control, risk management, and using advanced technologies in sports organizations. The proposed scheme relies on a constructivist grounded theory approach. The research process involved data collection through in-depth interviews with five AI language models, ChatGPT, Claude, Google Gemini, Mistral, and LLaMA. In addition, these models were utilized as an alternative to traditional experts. Finally, extensive simulations were conducted to validate that 209 initial codes were identified, which were then refined to 44 codes and eventually consolidated into 11 key themes. These themes include financial transparency, oversight and control, budget planning, risk management, and the use of advanced technologies. Numerical results show the efficiency that these themes are interlinked in a chain-like manner and contribute to enhancing the financial efficiency of sports organizations.

Political apologies serve as high-stakes communicative acts, addressing collective wrongdoing while seeking to repair damaged relationships between governments and affected groups. This study explored the evolution of political apologies in the 21st century, analyzing their role as public speech acts that respond to shifting societal and political norms. Despite their increasing prevalence in global politics, limited research has examined how these apologies have adapted linguistically and structurally over time to meet evolving public expectations. This research bridged this gap by employing a diachronic pragmatic approach. A corpus of 222 state-level political apologies, spanning two decades, was analyzed using the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) framework, augmented with emerging pragmatic elements. Categorized into five sociopolitical periods, these apologies were coded and analyzed with Atlas.ti to identify shifts in their structural and linguistic components. The findings revealed a consistent use of Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices (IFIDs), alongside a growing emphasis on Explanation or Account and META (Reaffirmation). Novel elements, such as Commemorative Apologies and Forward-Looking Statements, demonstrated how political apologies are increasingly tailored to address systemic injustices and public demands for accountability and reconciliation. Theoretically, the study could enrich pragmatic frameworks by identifying new components of political apologies. Practically, it offers insights for crafting effective apologies that resonate with diverse audiences. This research underscored the adaptability of political apologies, positioning them as tools for fostering societal healing and advancing justice in a rapidly changing world.