درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

One of the types of myths, alongside those of creation, resurrection, salvation, rebirth, renewal, and the savior, is the myth of memory and forgetfulness, which has also featured prominently in Iranian mystical allegorical tales. This myth has Indian and Greek foundations and has manifested in poetry that is deeply intertwined with mythology. Mircea Eliade has referred to this myth, and Ahmad Shamlu, as one of the contemporary Persian poets, repeatedly evokes it throughout his collected works. The purpose of this research is to analyze the myth of memory and forgetting in contemporary poetry. For this purpose, using a library-based and descriptive methodology, we examine instances of the emergence and manifestation of this myth in Shamlu’s poetry. The results indicate that, in Shamlu’s work, the myth of memory and forgetfulness is interwoven with the myth of the Fall. In some instances, the Anima archetype evokes this myth. In others, this myth is linked to the concept of ‘Alam al-Dharr’ (the World of Particles or the Primordial Covenant) in Islamic and mystical thought, representing the anguish and sorrow resulting from a mystical separation from the Divine Truth. In some cases, it intentionally or unintentionally recalls Indian and Gnostic narratives and shares similarities with the concept of reincarnation in Hindu thought.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the effects of land management practices and vegetation cover on soil erosion rates in the Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran. METHODS: By employing the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial analysis, the research reveals significant variability in soil erosion risks based on agricultural practices. FINDINGS: Results indicated that conservation practices notably reduce soil loss rates across various crops. For instance, wheat fields experienced a 41.2% decrease in soil loss from 10.80 to 6.35 tons per hectare per year (t ha-1 yr-1), while sugar beet, potato, maize, and alfalfa saw reductions of 34.9%, 33.4%, 37.3%, and 35.1%, respectively. The study also identified high soil erodibility in 5.37% of the area, with K-factor values ranging from 0.390 to 0.485 t ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1, and noted improved soil stability under alfalfa cultivation due to its perennial nature. Furthermore, the integration of USLE's C and P factors within a GIS framework elucidates the substantial impact of management practices and vegetation changes on soil erosion. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored conservation strategies to mitigate soil erosion, optimize land management, and sustain long-term environmental health. CONCLUSION: The research advocates for a meticulous evaluation of agricultural strategies, aligning them with the unique geographical and vegetative attributes of the area, to enhance soil preservation and productivity. This comprehensive approach contributes to the prioritization of watershed interventions, ultimately fostering sustainable development in rural landscape management.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance, focusing on the moderating effect of financial leverage among firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). CSR is viewed as a strategic managerial decision through which organizations address social and environmental issues to generate a positive impact beyond their boundaries. Methodology/Design/Approach: The study is applied in nature and adopts a causal (ex post facto) correlational design. The statistical population includes all firms listed on the TSE, from which 134 firms were selected using the systematic elimination sampling method. The research covers a ten-year period from 2015 to 2024. The study employed multiple regression analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings: The results indicate a direct and significant relationship between CSR and financial performance. Moreover, financial leverage moderates this relationship, suggesting that higher debt levels can weaken or even reverse the positive impact of CSR on firm performance. Thus, while CSR contributes to enhanced firm performance, excessive leverage increases financial risk and alters this positive association. Innovation: This study contributes to the growing body of literature on CSR by providing empirical evidence from an emerging market context. It highlights how financial leverage—representing a firm’s financial risk—can shape the effectiveness of CSR in driving financial outcomes. The findings offer practical insights for managers and policymakers seeking to balance social commitments with sound financial strategies to ensure sustainable performance.