درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Majority of Iran (about 90%) is situated in semi-arid, desert and semi-desert regions. The vast extent of dry areas in Iran necessitates a thorough consideration of the potentials of these areas in the field of ecotourism industry. Desert areas in Iran are full of tourist attractions, so that in addition to the natural attractions of deserts and salt deserts, it is possible to say that most cities or even some rural areas located in these regions have unique cultural monuments and historical and natural attractions. Dasht-e Kavir (Great Salt Desert) and Dasht-e-Lut (Lut Desert), the two largest salt deserts in central Iran, are considered as one of the richest ecotourism potentials in the Middle East. The spatial scope of this research includes sandy and salt desert tourism destinations such as Maranjab Desert located in northern Aran va Bidgol, city and Mesr village in the central district of Khur and Biabanak County, Isfahan Province. In this research, we tried to examine the hypotheses of this study by identifying the specific and unique potentials of these areas, based on the field study and collecting library documents and information, using observations, interviews with authorities and professionals in the field of tourism and referring to the relevant web sites. The analysis of data of this research indicates that the unique conditions of the studied areas in terms of natural, historical and sport attractions and so on are among the most important potentials for attracting domestic and foreign tourists. According to the findings of this study, the difference between the culture of tourists and local subcultures and also the lack of necessary facilities and infrastructure are among the problems facing the officials and tourists in these areas. Based on the interviews conducted with tourism officials and local trustees, the development of any tourism activity requires the existence of infrastructures such as roads, transportation, residential centers, health centers, security centers as well as religious and cultural infrastructures, so that the tourism activity in these areas can become as dynamic as possible.

Today, there is a new trend in architecture called "architecture for tourism", That one of the emphasized principles of it is the value of the traditional architecture of tourism in sustaining, sustainable tourism. In fact, the appearance of this new approach responds to the changes that have been made in the geography of the tourism market in the postmodern era, due to the changing needs and interests of tourists to exclusive and unique destinations. As regards that the native architecture of each region, reflecting its economic, social, cultural and environmental conditions, is an appropriate response to the principle of uniqueness in the competitive tourism market. The main emphasis of architectural tendency for tourism is the design and construction of tourism structures with the native architecture approach. In this regard this stem-applied research that is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, and its information has collected from two sources of documentation in the field of questionnaires distributed among 100 tourists and experts in the field of tourism, architecture and geography in the village of Palangan, Kurdistan province as one of the important hubs of rural tourism and native architecture of the country, With the aim of explaining, analyzing, introducing and emphasizing on the importance and impact of the design and construction of tourism structures in rural tourism development, the aim of this approach is to use this approach in the field of rural tourism development. The results of the research show that the design and construction of tourism structures with the native architecture approach is capable of realizing the principle of uniqueness, satisfying the needs of residents and the welfare of tourists, and ultimately realizing the principle of satisfaction of tourists, in order to be able to according to the results of correlation, The side of the native architecture will move in the construction and design of tourism structures; we will see more and more favorable development of rural tourism.

Vicinity in its various dimensions (Geographical, Political, cultural and etc ) has Fundamental importance in convergence and common understanding of the political units. This factor led to Convergence and sustainable security in various aspects of economic, socio-cultural and environmental . Therefore, Health infrastructure, cultural heritage, economic interests and ... have important from the perspective of Geopolitical tourism . Accordingly, this study has raised the question that is the geographic proximities such as Geographical neighbors, Identity – historical, Common cultural heritage, Health, environmental problems, economic interests, political and etc, in relation to Iran and Azarbayejan (Geopolitical tourism) of the two countries can be  resulted in sustainable convergence and security. Explaining the question has been done by the Analytical - Descriptive method and the collection of Data and Information have been done by library study . The results show that in the world of highly evolved, that threats Show themselves In newer dimensions day by day, Geopolitical Tourism can determine the convergence And common understanding between political units - Space of geopolitical contexts. In the meantime, whatever this proximities more and deeper, Tourism geopolitical power as a parameter in the field of convergence and convergence of political - space units - would be more practical. Since the two countries of Iran and Azerbaijan have a variety of cultural, social, environmental, economic interests, etc proximities, Geopolitical Tourism can provide the contexts of shared understanding and the convergence between the two countries.

Squares as urban spaces are the arena for people formed by physical proportions and variety of functions such as religious, commercial, cultural, etc. Shohada square as a focal point in Mashhad , is one of the main arteries of access to Holly shrine of Imam رضا and makes access to utilities and major axes . According to the former urban pattern and its position in the traditional context of surrounding neighborhoods, access to the Holy shrine plays the memorial and historical role, that presents a very important position of the square. This paper clearly states that Esfahan school characteristics such as unity, diversity and balance, are an appropriate pattern for design and evaluation of urban spaces that can be used for reconstruction of old squares on historical context. The results showed that this pattern does not comply fully with Shohada square and modern architecture is visible in it. Also, serious damage has struck to the identity of the Shohada square by physical transformation with absolutely modern pattern after neglect of strong position of relation between رضوی shrine and Shohada square and religious traditional context and history. Egregious physical duality of new