درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Firefighting station are one of the elements of public security in the city.to make them have the supposed role in public security; we should look at different urban facilities in detail and lend the city structure as a whole. Appropriate site selection of firefighting stations is one of the most important obligations of the city planners, which should be carefully planned and implemented. Better site selection is meant to avoid waste of resources in one hand and better capability of the stations on the other hand. In this research, best sites for the construction of new stations and moving of those stations with improper location in Tehran city has been studied. First, conceptual model of the study was defined, then, spatial layers and other information about site selection of the stations collected.in the next session Analytical Hierarchy process used to assign weights to spatial layers. This process was done based on the expert’s views and pair wise compactionmethod. After collection of expert views and in order to avoid wrong views, judgment compatibility amounts were calculated. After accepting of CR values, these weights used in future analyses. Network analysis, one of GIS spatial functions, used to find best routes from fire stations to affected area and service area of each station. Based on the analyses of this section and field checks, gave good attitude in terms of stations functionality. Regarding to the locations of existing stations, new stations proposed using a moving widow on the potential sites map.

Though many studies have been conducted on the effects of self-assessment on L2 learning over the last decade, none has investigated how self-assessment reports lead to improving L2 learning. Thus, this study aims to disclose how self-assessment reports improve Iranian high school students' writing skills and their perceptions of the effectiveness of self-assessment reports in cultivating writing skills. For this purpose, the researchers selected o ne intact grade 11 class (n = 21) at Shahed public high school in Borujerd, Iran. During the instruction lasting 15 sessions held twice a week, a self-assessment report was designed based on Nunan's (2004) template and given to the students to assess their writings weekly. Then, a focus group interview was run with six students. Findings documented a significant improvement in the students' writing skills in terms of content, language, organization, and task requirements. Additionally, the focus group interview results yielded four themes: raising students' awareness of evaluation criteria, making students more self-regulated, letting students have a voice in their academic destiny, and increasing students' motivation to write. In light of the findings, a number of conclusions are drawn, and several implications are put forward.

An obvious feature of the development of the philosophy of science during the past decades is an increasing specialization and fragmentation that have led to reduced impact of philosophy of science outside the sphere of its own discipline. It seems that philosophy of science and scientific research are moving away from each other. The major question of this article is how can reconnect these two?To answer this question I will try to highlight some events especially in the fields of social sciences that researchers are involved in discussions, generally related to philosophy of science, not in an abstract and isolated way, but in a way that is completely intertwined in their research practices.  Unfortunately, this phenomenon has not been properly considered by philosophers of science and has remained more as a subject in the field of social sciences, specifically research methodology. It seems that if philosophy of science enters into dialogue with social sciences, we can expect the revival of the philosophy of general science. In this article, I try to show the signs of this phenomenon in cognitive psychology. I will first turn to one of the most influential theories in the cognitive sciences, expertise theory. After reviewing the important theories of expertise and their differences, in the next step I will discuss the seemingly opposing theories in this field and their efforts to find common ground. Then I will review the current movement in cognitive psychology, which I call the “integration model” stream. After a critical review and categorization of these models, I will show that in a broader view in social science, we can realize the meta-theoretical issues that are a good room for a dialogue between philosophy of science and scientific research. In the end, I will point out the horizons that this view opens to the revival of philosophy of general science.