درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of problem solving training on entrepreneurship and its dimensions and problem solving in distance learning students. The research method was quasi-experimental with control and experimental groups with pre- and posttest design.The statistical population of this research included distance education students of Payam Noor University and through the available sampling, 20 of them were in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The research tool was the Entrepreneurship Questionnaire of Kordnaich et al (2008) and the Hepner problem solving questionnaire (1982). For data analysis, Manova test and covariance analysis were used. The Research results showed that problem solving training had an impact on entrepreneurship and problem solving in experimental group students. The greatest impact of this training on entrepreneurship dimensions on the challenge dimension was 0.54 and also on the problem solving ability of students was 0.67. Because challenge is the capability of individuals to cope with daily problems and face challenges and based on the research results, problem solving training can increase this ability in students;it is recommended that problem solving instruction be developed to enhance students' skills and educated through academic and educational programs.

The holy Quran has put “calling people to do good deeds” [or calling people to an act of benevolence] besides and prior to “commanding rightand forbidding wrong”, [or commanding beneficence and forbidding maleficence]. However in many interpretive and jurisprudential books, no sufficient effort has been made to elaborate the difference features between these two and their results, whose  manifestation is observed in indifference attitude  of legislative system to determine the limits, terms and qualities of ‘ call people to do good deeds”, despite the emphasize of the Eight Principle of the Constitution. Exploring the mentioned sources, this paper is an attempt to deal with the concept, dimensions and examples of “call people to do good deeds” such as propagation, teaching and advice which both have originally a basic role in cultural policy-making and institutionalization in the country and also due to paving ground for the fulfillment of “commanding rightand forbidding wrong” is of great significance. Then, it will clarify the distinctive points between these two hypotheses, so that the way to determine  the base and policy  will be cemented for the institutions with common functions (such as IRIB and supervising institutions such as Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution) or specific of one of these two ( such as Law Enforcement and Assembly of Experts). Moreover, it will help with the preparation of grounds for the next researches on basic and performance pathological study of these institutions and policy-making on this issue as well.

Ian McEwan’s Solar has been the subject of many a debate, mostly due to its controversial representation of climate change’s cause and the solution offered for the global disaster. The paper explores the novel’s judgment over climate change’s fountainhead and the protagonist’s vain project to save the earth. The scope of the study encompasses the narrator’s accounts of the characters and events in the story. In the light of David Harvey’s notion of ‘spatial fix,’ the study, through a close reading of the novel, focuses on the context within which the story unfolds in order to elaborate on the transformation of the earth into a globalized monolithic built environment called ‘the planet’ for the sake of efficiency and free flow of capital and commodities. It also argues that the protagonist’s solar energy generation project is a neo-liberal initiative to replace a less lucrative production mode and tackle the system’s critical spell of overaccumulation, rather than global warming.