درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The desire to be present in religious places is not confined to any one group; all members of society wish to visit and benefit from the spiritual atmosphere of such sites. This desire is steadily increasing among diverse social groups. Persons with disabilities are among these groups; due to the limitations they face, they have fewer opportunities to be present in crowded places. This article seeks to identify the important needs of disabled pilgrims when visiting the Shrine of Imam al-Rida (PBUH). It employs a mixed qualitative–quantitative approach, drawing upon documents and theoretical studies, expert interviews, and content analysis. Six principal dimensions and thirty-one components of need were identified, followed by analysis of their causal relations using fuzzy cognitive mapping. According to the findings, accessibility facilitation, environmental adaptation, and rehabilitation constitute the three main dimensions of need, each with associated components that point to practical strategies.

Adaptation and regeneration of vulnerable urban fabrics in Babol appear essential to prevent further damage. The aim of this study is to regenerate vulnerable urban fabrics in Babol in the face of flood crises. To achieve the research objectives, key indicators affecting the regeneration of vulnerable urban areas will be identified using a combination of library research, field surveys, and theoretical studies. In fact, these indicators, including relevant criteria and sub-indicators, will be recognized and analyzed. Subsequently, to prioritize the influential indicators for the regeneration of vulnerable urban fabrics against natural hazards—with an emphasis on floods in Babol—the Friedman test will be applied using SPSS software. The findings indicate that each component of urban regeneration contributes differently to the neighborhoods with vulnerable urban fabrics exposed to flood hazards. The results show that various factors, such as poor water resource management, deteriorating infrastructure, and neglect of crisis management planning, play a significant role in increasing the vulnerability of Babol's urban areas to floods. Furthermore, empowering the local community and establishing green infrastructure have been identified as effective strategies in mitigating damages. The study highlights that the regeneration of vulnerable urban fabrics in Babol must adopt a comprehensive and multidimensional approach. The use of modern technologies, community participation, and enhancement of the resilience of natural resources are among the essential strategies in this regard. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of these measures can significantly improve the city’s capacity to cope with floods and other natural hazards.

In recent years, the quality of transitional spaces in residential complexes has emerged as a crucial factor in helping residents find their way and improving their overall spatial experience. To fill a gap in existing research, this study investigated how these spaces influence wayfinding based on visual perception in District 6 of Shiraz. using a mixed-method approach, the research sought to answer two central questions: (1) Which visual perception components are key to wayfinding? and (2) How does the spatial layout of transitional areas affect wayfinding quality? In the qualitative phase, the research team identified core components through a detailed content analysis. For the quantitative phase, they surveyed 378 residents from nine selected complexes, using a questionnaire they had developed. the statistical analysis revealed that the average scores for environmental (2.65), human (2.72), and visual field (2.94) variables were all below optimal levels. The results also confirmed significant differences across various residential types, with lower scores found in complexes that had more blocks. Among the visual indicators, "environmental cues" (mean rank 3.76) and "spatial extent" (3.37) were the most influential, while factors like "enclosure" and "curvilinearity" had minimal impact. ultimately, a balanced combination of environmental factors (form, light, color, signage), human factors (accessibility, safety, social vitality), and visual factors (openness, field of view) is essential for improving legibility, safety, and ease of navigation. These findings offer practical guidance for designers to create residential interface zones that are more legible and easier to navigate.

This study examined Iranian EFL learners’ perceptions of L1 (Persian) pre-task planning on speaking performance—specifically accuracy, fluency, and complexity—within a Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) framework. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was adopted, collecting quantitative and qualitative data concurrently to provide a holistic view. Quantitative data were gathered via a 15-item Likert-scale questionnaire completed by 100 intermediate learners, selected through convenience sampling from three Hormozgan language institutes, following two counterbalanced oral-opinion tasks in a 60-minute session. Qualitative data were collected simultaneously through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, purposively chosen from the questionnaire respondents based on diverse perception scores to enrich insights, conducted within 1–2 days. Quantitative analysis, employing descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, showed a strong L1 planning preference, boosting accuracy and fluency, while thematic analysis of interviews highlighted enhanced confidence with L1 and L2 transition difficulties, with complexity perceptions mixed. Integrating these findings, L1 planning supports immediate oral proficiency and reduces anxiety in Iran’s low-exposure EFL context, though L2 proficiency limits complexity. These findings align with Cognitive Load Theory and Sociocultural Theory, offering context-specific pedagogical insights for incorporating L1 planning in TBLT practices while underscoring the need for strategies to bolster L2 complexity.

This research investigates the impact of textual coherence factors on the improvement of reading comprehension in elementary school students. It aims to analyze the influence of grammatical, lexical, and connective elements on students' ability to recall stories, utilizing the framework of systemic functional linguistics (SFL). Textual coherence, as one of the key components in understanding and conveying meaning in educational texts, plays an important role in improving reading comprehension. This study uses a qualitative method and analyzes 64 stories from elementary school Persian textbooks to identify and analyze textual applications and their effects on students' recall of the stories. Data were collected through questionnaires based on Halliday and Matthiessen's (2014) SFL. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed, and 150 students were recruited to answer the items on a 5-point Likert scale. Results showed that grammatical, lexical, and connective coherence effectively improve students’ text recall. In comparison, the lexical features are more effective than connective and grammatical features, facilitating students’ recall of the stories in Persian textbooks. This study reveals that teachers at the elementary level need to focus on textual coherence, especially grammatical and connective, and then lexical features. Implications suggest that textbook designers focus on textual structures in designing educational textbooks since they affect students’ recall and improve their reading comprehension.

Today, the necessity and importance of paying attention to climatic conditions in architecture as an effective factor on the environmental quality of buildings is not hidden from architects. In the country of Iran, the cold climate zone requires special attention in the climatic design of buildings due to its difficulties and considerable extent. Semi-open spaces have been a crucial element in architecture, significantly influencing the spatial arrangement of vernacular buildings in Iranian architecture. However, in contemporary housing, these spaces lack the necessary efficiency, and one of the factors contributing to this, especially in cold climates, is the failure to consider climatic conditions. Modeling climatic design solutions for these spaces in vernacular architecture and applying them in contemporary housing design will enhance the efficiency of these spaces. Intending to investigate the effect of mesoclimate on the structure of semi-open spaces in Qajar-era houses in cold climates, this article examined and compared the climatic conditions in the two cold cities of Ardabil and Tabriz. It identified the physical characteristics of semi-open spaces in the case studies and analyzed the impact of mesoclimatic conditions on the differences in the features of semi-open spaces between the two cities. This research is applied and has a qualitative nature, utilizing the grounded theory method. Comparing the physical attributes of the semi-open spaces in the vernacular houses of the two cities and matching them with the differences in climatic conditions reveals significant differences based on the influence of the mesoclimate on the physical structure of the semi-open spaces.