درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Every year, approximately one-third of the total food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted due to various reasons. This level of wastage has substantial adverse impacts on the environment, economy, and society. Numerous studies have proposed various policies to address the issue of food waste, such as incorporating technology into existing supply chains. However, concerns about their effectiveness and unintended consequences have led researchers to emphasize market-based approaches for waste reduction. The present study was carried out to estimate waste and investigate the potential for developing different marketing channels as market-based approaches to reduce waste in the leafy vegetable supply chain in Kermanshah province. To achieve this purpose, a system dynamics modelling of the waste system in the leafy vegetable supply chain was developed by using the literature review and interviews with experts and stakeholders. The tool for collecting research data was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is two groups including 22 experts and 728 actors in the leafy vegetable supply chain. Based on the findings, around 31,000 tonnes (39%) of leafy vegetables are wasted annually across the supply chain. The research scenarios indicate that the establishment of processing industries will effectively decrease the overall waste of leafy vegetables from around 31,000 tons to approximately 20,000 tons annually. Therefore, government initiatives and policies in the field of leafy vegetable exchange in the study area must focus on supporting businesses associated with leafy vegetable processing industries and establishing infrastructure prerequisites for these industries.

Purpose: The concept of social health along with other aspects of health, including physical, mental and spiritual has a special place. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the social health of students with an emphasis on curriculum planning. Methodology: The research method in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was survey. The statistical population in this study were included all 5,200 students of the second high school in Lordegan city. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula 357 people, which this number were selected by available sampling method. Data was collected with Keyes social health questionnaire (1998) with five components of social flourishing, social correlation, social cohesion, social acceptance and social participation, which its validity was confirmed by experts (mentors and advisors, specialists and research experts) and its reliability was confirmed by the method Cronbach's alpha was calculated 0.78. The data were analyzed with using mean, Friedman test and independent t-test methods in SPSS software. Findings: The findings showed that 7 questionnaires were removed from the analysis due to incompleteness and analyzes were performed for 350 people. Also, the amount of social health was below average, the amount of social correlation, social acceptance and social participation was below average and the amount of social flourishing and social cohesion was above average. Among the components of social health, respectively the amount of social cohesion, social participation, social acceptance, social flourishing and social correlation was higher among students. In addition, the average social health of male students was higher than female students (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results indicated an unfavorable state of social health in students, especially in female students. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt curriculum planning in the educational environment to improve their social health.

Purpose: The development of educational organizations plays an important role in creating a competitive advantage for organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to presenting the development model of educational organizations with emphasis on the entrepreneurship drivers in higher education. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of cross-sectional. The research population were included all faculty members of Golestan province universities, numbering 1023 people. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula 279 people, which were selected by stratified random sampling method. The research tool was 80 question researcher-made questionnaire on the development of educational organizations with emphasis on entrepreneurial drivers, which whose content validity according to the opinion of experts was calculated as 0.74. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS-21 and Smart PLS-3 software. Findings: The findings showed that the development of educational organizations with emphasis on the entrepreneurial drivers had 80 items in 12 components and 5 dimensions. Dimensions were included entrepreneurial and knowledge-based education and research (with two components of entrepreneurial and knowledge-based research and entrepreneurial and knowledge-based education), structural-organizational (with four components of structure and organization, leadership management, human resources and financial resources and academic independence), technological development and growth (with one component of technological development and growth), policy making of science and technology and the governance system of the higher education system (with two components of development of entrepreneurial mission and perspective and policy making) and contextual factors (with three components of support factors, interaction and communication and cultural-social factors) which whose factor load of all was higher than 0.60, their average variance extracted was higher than 0.50 and their reliability with using Cronbach's alpha and combined methods was calculated higher than 0.70. Also, the development model of educational organizations with emphasis on the entrepreneurship drivers in higher education had a good fit. In addition, the development model of educational organizations with emphasis on the entrepreneurship drivers in higher education on each of the dimensions and each of the dimensions on its components had a direct and significant effect (P<0.001). Conclusion: The development model of educational organizations with emphasis on the entrepreneurship drivers in higher education designed in the present research can help the experts and planners of the higher education system in designing plans to improve educational organizations.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to depict inequality cases and examine the complexity of black teachers' experiences in the British white system. For this reason, the researchers of this article applied concepts of whiteness, intersectionality, and battle fatigue to Boakye's I Heard What You Said (2022). Methodology: This is qualitative research and its nature is deductive. The theoretical framework primarily was based on Crenshaw and Bradbury's definitions of intersectionality, Kincheloe’s of whiteness, and Smith’s of battle fatigue. Loden and Rosener's diversity wheel was also used to clarify various cases of intersectionality. I Heard What You Said (2022) contains 56 experiences of a black teacher in the British white education system. The sample size includes all 56 experiences of the black teacher. Findings: Finding shows that Whiteness and the internalization of white characteristics play a significant role in defining black identities. They are inferior not only because of their different skin color but also because of numerous criteria and the differences from whites. In this educational system, all learning is also consistent with white beliefs and the norms that define them within the system. Boakye mentions that “‘white is light’ imagery and ‘white is right’ ideology” is imposed on students from the early days of attending schools which demonstrates white supremacy in the British education system. In the British educational system, not only are teachers marginalized, but also they have to make an effort in order to institutionalize white beliefs and ideas in students’ minds. The British education system ignores diversity in its curriculum, wanting to follow the concept of “sameness” in education. The narrator criticized the aim of the National Curriculum of England in the late 1860s, based on the view of Mattew Arnowl, citing some ambiguous concepts such as “essential knowledge”, “educated citizens”, “the best that has been thought and said”, and “…engender an appreciation of human creativity and achievements …” He explained the condition in Arnold's time in 1860. It highlighted that the white education system shows no changes in its aim through time. It seeks to stabilize its characteristics in the educational system in relation to ignorance of differences and white supremacy in all parts of the educational system in British. Furthermore, applying the concept of intersectionality, it becomes clear that each proof emphasizes the connection of the particular sections, which to some extent differs from others. Considering the concept of intersectionality in the context of whites being superior, makes the causes more complex. Applying the concept of battle fatigue shows that the black teachers fight against racism even if they believe they could bring insignificant changes to the British educational system. Conclusion: The research shows that black teachers' experiences of discrimination in the British education system are based not only on their skin color as black but on the connection between different dimensions of diversity and criteria in different areas of the personal, sociocultural, and organizational sphere. There is a need to revise the National Curriculum of Britain to start work on eliminating inequalities in the education document and to extend it to the whole education system.