درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study aimed to evaluate the role of the banking system and, in particular, the monetary policies and provision of bank facilities, in recession and boom periods on employment in the labor market. In this research, the most important variables were employment, bank and financial development index, volume of facilities provided to the private sector, bank facilities rate, wage rate, workforce, capital stock, liquidity, degree of economic openness, inflation rate, direct foreign investment, government expenditures, and oil revenues. The research tool was the smooth transfer regression (STR) model applied to evaluate the relationship between the variables during 1989-2016. According to the results, there was a nonlinear correlation between banking variables and employment. In the section of the nonlinear model, it was observed that with a 2.87% increase in the inflation rate, the banking indexes (e.g., money market development, the volume of facilities granted, and liquidity) had a significant and different impact on employment. In this respect, it was found that the indicators of monetary policy and bank facilities had a weak effect on employment of the country, demonstrating the improper association between monetary policies and workforce supply and demand in the labor market of the country.

In recent years there has been a growing interest among historians, historical martial artists, reenactors, and those who are interested in Eastern culture as well as in Persian offensive and defensive weapons to have a more detailed study of armor. The change in the paradigm of defensive weapons throughout Western Asia (the last quarter of the 15th to the first quarter of the 16th century) has not yet been fully investigated. Reconstruction of mail-and-plate armor from a period between 1540-1650 CE is quite challenging as most museums or major private collections do not have a complete set. Based on a detailed study of existing sets of joshan armor and several technical assumptions related to the design of this type of armor, the present study tries to reconstruct a fully protective complex of a joshan armor that was worn by a noble Persian warrior. The purpose of the following article is to reproduce a Persian mail-and-plate armor from a period between 1540-1650 CE in its original size and design with its inherent properties and qualities. Different existing sets of this type of armor from museums are studied and compared to different miniatures and literary sources. Based on the collected information gained from theoretical and practical research, the article presents a historical armor design and provides advice on the practical reconstruction and production of such a set of armor. Armor masters were looking for the best combinations and ratio of plates and mail armor in one set. They were experimenting with the shapes and sizes of plates, the number of holes, diameters, geometry, and method of ring interconnections. Characteristic of the armor of this period is rather large plates and a small number of their rows (3-5 rows on the chest/back), a small overlap of the plates in a row, basically only the same standard plates are used, large mail rings (inner diameter about 10 mm).