درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- Existing literature shows that women, especially rural women, play a prominent role in the development of small and medium-sized businesses; however, few studies have explored factors affecting the perceptions and entrepreneurial tendencies of rural women in developing countries, especially in Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial tendencies of rural women, who are members of microcredit funds, in western Iran (Kermanshah province).Design/methodology/approach- This is an applied study of a correlational-descriptive nature with a quantitative approach that uses a survey method for data collection. The study population consists of all female members of microcredit funds in Kermanshah city (n = 626 people). Using Bartlett et al.'s table, 201 people were chosen as the research sample using a stratified random sampling method. They were selected by proportional assignment. The main data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity, convergent validity, combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Smart PLS software.Findings- According to the results, the latent variables of social capital, recognition of opportunities and entrepreneurial skills had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial tendency of rural women who are members of the microcredit fund; however, the positive and significant effect of entrepreneurial education on the entrepreneurial tendency of rural women was not confirmed. In addition, the findings showed that social capital has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial tendency through opportunity recognition.Originality/value- The findings of this research have theoretical and practical implications for the development of entrepreneurship among rural women. That is while enriching literature on the subject, it helps policy makers focus on communication and social interactions, strengthen entrepreneurial skills and introduce entrepreneurial opportunities to develop entrepreneurship among rural women.

Purpose- The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which emotional intelligence have a psychological impact on the performance of employees in Nigeria health sectorDesign/methodology/approach- A descriptive survey research approach was employed to achieve this goal, and the study's population comprised of 102 nurses and doctors of State Hospital Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Since nurses and doctors are recognized as the professionals who provide care services to patients in the organization, they make up the population. The Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size of 81, and the convenience sampling technique was used to select the respondentsFinding- Out of the questionnaire distributed 72 was completed and returned, yielding 89% response rate. The analysis's showed that emotional intelligence has a 52% variance in employee performance, with a R square value of 0.520. Additionally, it was discovered that employee performance was significantly and favorably impacted by the emotional intelligence predictor variables of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management with a βeta values of 0.341, 0.411, 0.217, and 0.381, respectivelyOriginal/value- An organization cannot experience improved performance or a sustained competitive advantage if its human resources are not managed efficiently. This is because human resources are the only resources within the organization that possess thoughts, feelings, and hopes. The study results would help managers in the health sector increase awareness of emotional intelligence's value within their workplaces as doing so would benefit both the employee and the organization.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: One of the most significant issues in the contemporary world is women's legal status and social activities. Afghanistan is at the forefront of women's discussions due to its drastic changes and developments. This article aims to examine the status of women in this country's traditional and historical context to provide a solution to various issues and problems. METHOD & FINDING: Our findings indicate that Afghan women have faced numerous challenges throughout history, although there were periods, such as the Kushan Empire age when they found a respectable position. The advent of Islam initially promoted cultural tolerance and respect for women, promoting their status among Muslim nations. However, during the ‘Umayyad and ‘Abbāsid Dynasties, class and racial discrimination contributed to a decline in women's status. The emergence of local dynasties such as the Ṭāhirīds, Ṣafārīds, and Sāmānīds brought political stability and gradual cultural development, although women's social participation remained limited. The Ġaznavīd era marked a turning point, providing a more favorable environment for women's education and rights, while the Timūrīd era witnessed the peak of women's involvement in social affairs.CONCLUSION: Overall, the status of Afghan women has fluctuated considerably, with their current situation experiencing significant ups and downs due to changing political circumstances. By reflecting on the past, we aim to provide insight into their status from history to the contemporary age.

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. It is often characterized by elevated liver enzymes, such as AST, ALT, and ALP, which are biomarkers of liver injury. Exercise, particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT), has been shown to improve liver function by reducing these enzyme levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 6-week HIIT protocol on liver enzyme levels (AST, ALT, and ALP) in obese individuals with NAFLD. Method: This quasi-experimental study involved 20 obese participants diagnosed with NAFLD. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). The experimental group participated in a HIIT protocol for 6 weeks, while the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention to measure serum AST, ALT, and ALP levels. Data analysis was conducted using paired t-tests and independent t-tests to compare pre- and post-intervention values within and between groups, respectively. Results: The experimental group showed a significant reduction in AST (p = 0.01), ALT (p = 0.03), and ALP (p = 0.04) after the intervention. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the control group for any of the enzymes (p > 0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in enzyme levels post-intervention (p = 0.03 for AST, p = 0.04 for ALT, and p = 0.05 for ALP). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that HIIT may be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for improving liver function in obese individuals with NAFLD. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm the long-term effects of exercise on liver enzymes in this population.