SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: One of the most significant issues in the contemporary world is women's legal status and social activities. Afghanistan is at the forefront of women's discussions due to its drastic changes and developments. This article aims to examine the status of women in this country's traditional and historical context to provide a solution to various issues and problems. METHOD & FINDING: Our findings indicate that Afghan women have faced numerous challenges throughout history, although there were periods, such as the Kushan Empire age when they found a respectable position. The advent of Islam initially promoted cultural tolerance and respect for women, promoting their status among Muslim nations. However, during the ‘Umayyad and ‘Abbāsid Dynasties, class and racial discrimination contributed to a decline in women's status. The emergence of local dynasties such as the Ṭāhirīds, Ṣafārīds, and Sāmānīds brought political stability and gradual cultural development, although women's social participation remained limited. The Ġaznavīd era marked a turning point, providing a more favorable environment for women's education and rights, while the Timūrīd era witnessed the peak of women's involvement in social affairs.CONCLUSION: Overall, the status of Afghan women has fluctuated considerably, with their current situation experiencing significant ups and downs due to changing political circumstances. By reflecting on the past, we aim to provide insight into their status from history to the contemporary age.
