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The construction of biophilic residential complexes is one of the new approaches to increasing the nature of the residents of residential complexes whose benefits will lead to better people's life. In recent years, in the field of architecture, biophilic residential architecture has been paid special attention and tries to consider the link between architecture and nature further. This study aims to investigate the theoretical modeling of the components affecting the biophilic design of the intervening spaces of residential complexes and the design of the relationships of these factors. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied results. A qualitative research approach was used through systematic review and purposive sampling to identify the studied components. In the section on interpretive structural modeling, expert academic opinions in architecture and Urbanism have been used through the Delphi method. Data collection tools are interviews and a two-way questionnaire, and a face validity criterion was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The relationships between the components affecting the biophilic design of the spaces between residential complexes have been determined using a new analytical methodology called interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and analyzed seamlessly. The findings showed that the relationship with natural systems with nine penetration power is the most effective and the strongest motivator of the biophilic design of the spaces between residential complexes and acts as the underlying stone of the model. Also, the order and complexity component with the penetration power of 4 has the least effect.

This study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to interrogate the discourse of native-speakerism prevalent in English Language Teaching (ELT). It analyzes a research article that advocates for the superiority of Native English-Speaking Teachers (NESTs) over Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers (NNESTs). By applying Fairclough and Fairclough's (2012) practical reasoning framework, the research reconstructs the article's argumentative structure and critically examines its underlying assumptions and values. The analysis reveals that the article's promotion of NESTs is underpinned by a pervasive native-speakerism ideology. This ideology constructs a hierarchical relationship between native and non-native speakers, privileging Western culture and language over others. The article's discourse naturalizes this hierarchy, obscuring its socially constructed nature and its role in perpetuating linguistic inequality. By focusing on the supposed innate superiority of NESTs, the article overlooks the complex interplay of factors influencing effective teaching, including pedagogical expertise, cultural competence, and learner needs. The research concludes by emphasizing the detrimental impact of native-speakerism on ELT. It underscores the need to challenge and dismantle this ideology in favor of a more inclusive and equitable approach to teacher education and professional development. By recognizing the linguistic diversity of the world and valuing the expertise of NNESTs, the field can move towards a more just and effective practice.

The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into language development has garnered considerable interest, especially within the realm of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. Psychological flow is regarded as a pivotal element that affects learning outcomes; however, its significance in the context of AI-assisted language learning has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study examines the relationship between psychological flow induced by AI, tendencies of fortitude, mental health, and critical thinking among 214 university students enrolled in EFL programs who utilized AI-integrated language learning aids. Data were gathered via structured online surveys, and the relationships among the variables were examined utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings suggest that the psychological flow induced by AI has a substantial impact on learners' levels of fortitude, mental well-being, and critical thinking. The findings indicate that when learners engage in AI-assisted language learning and experience a state of flow, they exhibit elevated levels of perseverance, improved mental well-being, and enhanced critical thinking. These outcomes underscore the dual function of flow in AI-assisted language learning, as it not only augments learners' cognitive engagement but also fosters positive emotional states that are conducive to improved mental health and enhanced problem-solving abilities. The findings of the study possess significant pedagogical implications, indicating that AI-based platforms ought to be developed to promote a state of fluidity by integrating personalized learning trajectories, real-time feedback mechanisms, and engaging features.

Translation has played a crucial role in easing communication between human beings at all times throughout history, so without translation, the complex, interwoven social structures in human life might never have been achieved. It has also made accessing texts of high significance easy and comfortable. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the methods translators used in translating certain cultural contents from the Holy Quran, as well as the degree to which they applied the concepts of domestication and foreignization to their translations of these cultural aspects. The theoretical framework for this research is Baker's method (1992), which offers strategies that translators use when dealing with concepts that lack equivalents at the vocabulary level or higher counterparts. The majority of the Qur’an-specific cultural items have been translated using the first strategy of "translation by a more general word," with a total percentage of 48.85. The second most common strategy is "translation by paraphrase using a related word" (21. 71%).Given that the majority of strategies employed by all translators fall under the category of domestication strategies, it can be concluded that the translators adopted a target-oriented approach rather than a source-oriented approach when translating Qur’an-specific cultural items.

La démocratie religieuse est une théorie du pouvoir propre aux systèmes politiques fondés sur des principes religieux. Elle repose à la fois sur la reconnaissance de la souveraineté divine et de l’unicité de Dieu en matière de législation, tout en affirmant la primauté du droit, le rôle central du peuple dans l’élaboration des décisions, la formation du système politique, ainsi que la nécessité d’un contrôle et d’une coopération entre le peuple et ce dernier. Dans ce cadre, les citoyens croyants participent activement à la vie politique, dans le respect des enseignements de la charia, et toute forme d’autocratie individuelle dans les processus décisionnels collectifs est rejetée. Cependant, cette conception se distingue fondamentalement de la démocratie occidentale envisagée comme une valeur intrinsèque (et non simplement comme un mode de gouvernance). En effet, cette dernière s’appuie sur des fondements épistémologiques, anthropologiques et théologiques spécifiques tels que : relativisme cognitif, autonomie de la raison, rejet de la révélation comme source de connaissance, pluralisme épistémique, conception particulière de la liberté, et anthropocentrisme au détriment du théocentrisme. Cette étude, menée selon une approche à la fois descriptive et analytique, propose une relecture des fondements anthropologiques et théologiques de la démocratie religieuse dans la pensée de l’Imam Khomeiny et d’Allameh Tabatabaï. Il en ressort que ces deux figures majeures de la philosophie et théoriciens de l’époque contemporaine ont élaboré une conception cohérente de la démocratie religieuse, fondée sur des principes à la fois révélés et rationnels. Parmi les éléments anthropologiques et théologiques les plus marquants de la démocratie religieuse, on peut citer : une conception multidimensionnelle de l’être humain, sa nature divine, sa liberté et son libre arbitre, sa dignité innée et acquise, ainsi que sa fonction de vicaire de Dieu sur terre. D’un point de vue théologique, le principe d’unicité de Dieu (Tawhid) ne se limite pas à la sphère ontologique divine ; il s’étend également à l’exercice du pouvoir politique et à l’élaboration des lois, excluant ainsi toute forme de séparation entre le religieux et le politique autrement dit, toute forme de sécularisation.