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The current study's prime objective was to assess virtual reality games' impact on the mental skills of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 228 elite athletes were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 57 controls and experiments. All subjects in the control and experimental groups received virtual reality games for 15 minutes for ten sessions; then, each group was re-examined. The control group performed a follow-up test according to the posttest after two weeks using the Ottawa mental skills assessment questionnaire (OMSAT-3), and repeated measures analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to test the hypothesis (P≤0.05). The results obtained using repeated measures analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that virtual reality games influenced elite athletes' mental skills in COVID. From these findings, it can be said that virtual reality games can improve the mental skills of elite athletes during COVID-19

As people get older some may experience reduced mobility and more physical challenges that can affect their quality of life negatively. The research focused on investigating how two different types of training programs sensori-motor and Otago affect the abilities, functional balance and overall well being of men.This study was semi-experimental. This research included 45 men aged 65 to 70 who were selected in an accessible and purposeful and then randomly divided into three groups.. With 15 individuals, in each group, for sensorimotor training group the Otago training group and a control group. Respective exercise groups underwent a total of 24 training sessions done in 8 weeks. To measure abilities and being impact effectively, in this study various assessment methods were used such as Short Physical Performance Battery (SPBB) tests together with time up and go (TUG) evaluations besides implementing SF36 quality of life survey questionnaire. ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were done for data analysis with a significance level set at p≤ 0.05 using SPSS software version 23. The outcomes showed a Significant different, in groups prior and post exercise experimental (p=0.001). Significant variations were noted in the test results when comparing the sensorimotor and Otago groups to the control group at a significance level of p=0.001 for inter group comparisons; whereas no notable variations were observed among the groups during the pre test phase.Both sensorimotor and Otago exercises effectively enhance physical performance, functional balance, and quality of life in elderly men. Since no significant difference was found between the two experimental groups, it can be concluded that either type of exercise can be beneficial for improving these aspects of

The aim of this study is to investigate the evolution of sport tourism research and identify research gaps in the field. This descriptive-analytical research utilizes a bibliography and illustration method to achieve these goals. A total of 644 articles were extracted from the Web of Science database, and their bibliometric data were analyzed using VOS viewer software. The findings reveal the trend of publishing articles and citing them in recent years, while also outline the most cited articles, researchers, journals, and universities. Additionally, the primary country in the collaboration network was identified. Keyword co-occurrence analysis indicates that the majority of research in this field pertains to sport events and their management. The results also underscore a limited focus on the approach of service dominant logic and its derived concepts. Additional areas for future research include examining tourists' behavior as customers throughout all travel stages, investigating the impact of technology on sports tourism, and exploring tourists' behaviors.

Background: Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is due to the weakness of the thigh abductor muscles and the vastus medialis muscle, which increases the internal rotation of the thigh and increases the possibility of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The amount of DKV in women is higher than men, which is one of the reasons for the possibility of more injury in women. Aim: The aim of the present study was the effect of acute soccer functional fatigue on knee and trunk kinematic factors in female soccer players with and without DKV during single leg landing. Materials and Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental research conducted on 28 female soccer players who were selected using purposeful and convenience sampling. They were classified into two groups with and without DKV. The subjects performed a single leg soccer landing, and the kinematic changes of the participants' trunk and knees were recorded through high-speed video cameras (SONY camera) in two sagittal and frontal planes and analyzed by Kinovea software. The data were analyzed in SPSS-26 software using a mixed ANOVA statistical test.Results The results revealed a significant interaction effect between fatigue conditions and groups on knee and trunk joint angles in frontal plane in the initial contact with the ground in single leg landing. The results showed that fatigue significantly reduced knee flexion and increased knee valgus and trunk lateral flexion increased significantly after fatigue. Conclusion: The results indicated the acute effect of fatigue on knee and trunk kinematics of female soccer players with DKV. Therefore, by increasing the amount of knee and trunk flexion and correcting the landing technique, the possibility of ACL injury in fatigue can be reduced.

Visual impairment significantly impacts physical activity participation, often leading to reduced fitness levels among affected individuals. This study aims to compare the physical fitness characteristics of male and female goalball athletes aged 14-20 years, a critical developmental period for performance enhancement. A total of 100 athletes (50 male, 50 female) were assessed for strength, endurance, power, flexibility, and balance through various standardized tests. Results indicated significant differences in hand grip strength, medicine ball throw distance, vertical jump, and balance, with males outperforming females (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in push-up and sit-up performance, suggesting comparable endurance capabilities across genders. These findings underscore the necessity for gender-specific training regimens to address identified disparities, particularly in strength and power. The study contributes to a limited body of literature on the physical fitness of goalball players and highlights implications for inclusive training strategies that enhance athletic performance regardless of gender. Future research should explore the correlation between physical fitness attributes and on-court performance metrics to further inform coaching practices.

The present research aimed to explore the role of modern sports technologies in the advancement of athletic sports, employing a mixed-method design. The qualitative phase utilized purposeful and criterion-oriented sampling methods, along with semi-structured interviews, while data collection and analysis were conducted using the thematic analysis method (Brown and Clark, 2006). In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was developed, incorporating the dimensions and components identified in the qualitative phase. A random sampling method was employed, and Cochran's formula was utilized to determine the sample size, resulting in a determination of at least 384 samples. Ultimately, 356 questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistics and Friedman's ranking test were employed for the quantitative data analysis. The findings revealed that the development of athletic sports through modern technologies comprises five main components: (1) factors influencing the development of athletic sports through technology, (2) the progression of athletic sports, (3) the challenges encountered in the development of athletic sports through technology, (4) the opportunities for enhancing athletic sports through technology, and (5) the consequences arising from the development of athletic sports through technology.

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of e-commerce platforms with the mediating role of customer-related factors on the intention to purchase sportswear and the presentation of the model. The present study is applied and descriptive. The statistical population of the study is 420 sportswear customers in Rasht. The field data collection method, the data collection tool, the standard questionnaire, and the data analysis method, structural equation modeling were used, and the reliability of the tool was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and the composite reliability and construct validity through convergent and divergent validity using factor analysis. After a descriptive study of the variables, the factor structure analysis technique and path analysis were used, and the path coefficients for the variables were examined using PLS3 software. The results of the study showed that e-commerce platforms, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, customer purchase behavior, and customer perceived value did not have a significant relationship on purchase intention, and customer perceived value, customer purchase behavior, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction mediated the relationship between e-commerce platforms and purchase intention. From the results of the research, it can be concluded that by creating a reliable and secure platform that introduces sports products well and makes the shopping process easy for the customer, it can lead to customer satisfaction and repeat purchases; therefore, it is recommended that managers of sportswear stores use social media platforms and media to introduce and sell their products in order to grow and survive in today's competitive market.