درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) as a non-invasive indicator measures the activity level of the autonomic nervous system. Exercise has significant positive effects in increasing HRV indicators, which ultimately leads to cardiovascular health. People with panic disorder (PD) generally have low HRV indices and are more exposed to cardiovascular risks. Aim: The aim of the present study is investigating the effect of 12 weeks of hiking training on HRV of women with PD. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental clinical trial, 18 women with PD with average panic scores (45.00±19.55) as determined by Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ) in two training group (12 weeks of hiking training with 70% to 80% MHR, three sessions a week, each one an-hour, and control group (without any regular physical activity) participated randomly. HRV of subjects was measured by Holter monitoring device (with 7 leads VX3+ SN 17570 made in USA) while resting and lying back for 20 min before and after 12 weeks. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that panic scores (P≤0.001) and HRV factors including: SDNN (P≤0.05), SDNN index (P≤ 0.01) and TP (P≤0.03) of the subjects in the training group improved significantly but HF, LF, LF/HF, did not show significant changes (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that 12 weeks of hiking training improves some of the HRV indices of women, which prevents the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and also reduces the symptoms of panic in women.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of swimming training on negative emotional states in male university students. Male university students aged 18 to 25 were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (15 people) or a control group (15 people). Negative emotional states were tested using the depression, anxiety, and stress scales (DASS) (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). Differences over time between the experimental and control groups were assessed by 2×2 (group by time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress significantly improved post-intervention in both groups, but the level of significance was higher in the experimental group. Therefore, it can be said that swimming training had a significant impact on improving negative emotional states in male university students. So, swimming training and the use of physical and sports activities for young people can help to improve and reduce the level of negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety, and stress in these people and even strengthen positive emotions in them.

This study examines whether the geographic distribution of lacrosse talent, as indicated by NCAA Division I All-American awards, has shifted from traditional hotbed states Maryland and New York to other regions over the past 25 years. Data on NCAA Division I All-American lacrosse players from 2000 to 2024 were collected and divided into five periods: 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2019, and 2020-2024. The number and percentage of award winners from each state were calculated, and the number of states represented each year was tracked. This was compared with the growth in high school lacrosse participation. Maryland and New York's dominance decreased from 75.0% of All-American winners in 2000-2004 to 39.1% in 2020-2024. Concurrently, high school lacrosse participation grew from 46,206 in 2002-2003 to 107,865 in 2021-2022. The number of states represented increased from 8 in 2002 to 16 in 2024, indicating broader talent distribution. The decreased dominance of Maryland and New York suggests a diversification of lacrosse talent, aligning with nationwide participation growth and more states producing All-American players. This diversification highlights the successful expansion of the sport, ensuring a more inclusive talent pool and reflecting the positive impact of increased access to lacrosse across the country. Lacrosse development programs and recruitment strategies should expand beyond traditional hotbeds to support emerging regions, fostering a more inclusive and diverse talent pool, and enhancing the sport's growth at all levels.