درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The Holy Qur’an, in addition to its primary purpose of guiding humanity, contains numerous scientific references that were not fully understood at the time of its revelation. Verse 25 of Surah al-Ḥadīd refers to the sending down of iron. The use of the verb anzala (to send down) instead of more commonly used verbs such as khalaqa (to create) and jaʿala (to make) has led to various interpretations of this verse throughout history. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine the concept of the sending down of iron (inzāl al-ḥadīd) and its strong nature (ba's shadīd), as well as its relation to new scientific findings regarding the origin of iron on Earth. Additionally, it investigates whether people at the time of the Qur’an’s revelation had any knowledge of the extraterrestrial origin of iron.Contrary to some extreme approaches to the scientific interpretation and miracles of the Qur’an in recent centuries, this research advocates a balanced perspective that utilizes scientific findings, without any imposition, to better understand the verses of the Qur’an. Recent scientific discoveries indicate that iron is primarily produced in the cores of massive stars, and it cannot be produced in the solar system. Therefore, the use of the verb anzala may allude to the extraterrestrial origin of iron. The results of this research reveal that, from a scientific standpoint, various phenomena are involved in the process of iron's incorporation into Earth that could embody the concept of "sending down," including the production of iron in massive stars and its transfer to Earth through certain cosmic processes, the collision of iron-rich meteorites and asteroids with Earth, and the sinking of iron towards the Earth's core. Regarding the knowledge of people about the extraterrestrial origin of iron at the time of revelation, although it has been claimed that the term used for iron in ancient Egypt means "metal from heaven," the findings of this research indicate that this claim is merely a possibility and, despite extensive research, has not been definitively verified.

"Interpretation (Taʼwīl)" is one of the key topics in Quranic literature that has had significant importance and a special place in the fields of religious knowledge. To study and understand the Holy Quran correctly, research and investigation on this subject are necessary. The extent of Sayyid Murtaḍā's knowledge and the value of his works have led many researchers to consider his perspectives and works as subjects of their own scientific research. The present study aims, using a descriptive-analytical method, to examine interpretation in the Quranic thought of Sayyid Murtaḍā through. The research approach shows that Sayyid Murtaḍā introduced interpretation in the field of exegesis; it has general (ʻĀm) meaning which encompass exegesis. Therefore, when explaining the clear (Muḥkam) verses and also explaining the unclear (Mutashābih) verses, he used the term interpretation (Taʼwīl). According to him, there is a difference between the credibility of interpretation (proof of possible aspects) and the correctness of interpretation. His exegesis is in line with scientific and rational principles and he has a scholarly understanding of the Quran. His beliefs include belief in the divine nature of the Quranic words, belief in the comprehensibility of the Quran, affirmation of the truths in the words and expressions of the Quran, and the discovery of reasonable meanings attributable to God in the unclear (Mutashābih) verses, among others. The result of this research is beneficial for understanding the Quranic views of Sayyid Murtaḍā and benefiting from his experiences and skills in Quran exegesis; also, it addresses the need for a comprehensive approach to interpreting unclear and difficult verses.