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The Holy Qur’an, in addition to its primary purpose of guiding humanity, contains numerous scientific references that were not fully understood at the time of its revelation. Verse 25 of Surah al-Ḥadīd refers to the sending down of iron. The use of the verb anzala (to send down) instead of more commonly used verbs such as khalaqa (to create) and jaʿala (to make) has led to various interpretations of this verse throughout history. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine the concept of the sending down of iron (inzāl al-ḥadīd) and its strong nature (ba's shadīd), as well as its relation to new scientific findings regarding the origin of iron on Earth. Additionally, it investigates whether people at the time of the Qur’an’s revelation had any knowledge of the extraterrestrial origin of iron.Contrary to some extreme approaches to the scientific interpretation and miracles of the Qur’an in recent centuries, this research advocates a balanced perspective that utilizes scientific findings, without any imposition, to better understand the verses of the Qur’an. Recent scientific discoveries indicate that iron is primarily produced in the cores of massive stars, and it cannot be produced in the solar system. Therefore, the use of the verb anzala may allude to the extraterrestrial origin of iron. The results of this research reveal that, from a scientific standpoint, various phenomena are involved in the process of iron's incorporation into Earth that could embody the concept of "sending down," including the production of iron in massive stars and its transfer to Earth through certain cosmic processes, the collision of iron-rich meteorites and asteroids with Earth, and the sinking of iron towards the Earth's core. Regarding the knowledge of people about the extraterrestrial origin of iron at the time of revelation, although it has been claimed that the term used for iron in ancient Egypt means "metal from heaven," the findings of this research indicate that this claim is merely a possibility and, despite extensive research, has not been definitively verified.

In the realm of marital relations, the terms tamkīn (submission) and nushūz (disobedience) are frequently used in Islamic jurisprudence and law. While nushūz is explicitly mentioned in the Qur’an, tamkīn, meaning the opposite state of nushūz, is not. Although nushūz is used in the Qur’an for both men and women, in Islamic jurisprudence, and particularly in Iranian law, both tamkīn and nushūz are predominantly ascribed to wives. The concept of nushūz and tamkīn in husbands has not been adequately addressed, nor has there been commensurate legislation on the matter. Qur’anic commentaries have also predominantly focused on the nushūz of wives, rather than husbands, which may explain the neglect of husbands' nushūz in jurisprudence and the lack of corresponding legislation.This study, grounded in an analysis of three Qur’anic verses, Q. 4:34, Q. 4:128, and Q. 9:71, and their interpretation in several prominent Shia and Sunni commentaries across different periods, adopts a Qur’an-by-Qur’an exegetical approach to explore the concepts of nushūz and tamkīn for both spouses. Using linguistic, semantic, and hermeneutic methods, the findings of this research indicate that the concept of mutual tamkīn between spouses can be articulated based on the principle of mutual guardianship (wilāyah) of believers as outlined in verse Q.9:71. In this framework, reciprocal tamkīn between spouses is understood as a commitment to fulfilling religious and ethical responsibilities and a mutual acceptance of enjoining good and forbidding evil in their relationship.

The concept of conceptual blending builds upon Fauconnier's theory of "mental spaces", which suggests that understanding meaning is not simply derived from comprehending words and sentences alone but involves constructing meaning, referred to as conceptualization. Although Fauconnier presented his theory, Turner linked meaning-making to conceptual metaphors. Ultimately, their collaboration revealed that certain semantic issues align with neither perspective. As a result, they developed the theory of conceptual blending, which facilitates the creation of new meanings, provides global insight, and enables conceptual compression for memory retention and manipulation of scattered domains of meaning. Conceptual blending is a mental operation that leads to the creation of new meanings, global insights, and conceptual compression for memory and manipulation of dispersed domains of meaning. The nature of the operation involves creating a partial match between two input mental spaces to selectively explore a new "blended" mental space and dynamically develop the emergent structure. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed during thinking and speaking to enable understanding and practical action. They are highly detailed sets containing elements structured by cognitive frameworks and models. The purpose of this descriptive-analytical research was to answer the following question:  How has conceptual blending been employed in studying embodied metaphors in Surah Al-Hashr? To this end, the article attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of conceptual blending theory in the embodied metaphors of Surah Al-Hashr. These metaphors, derived from human bodily experiences, expand into non-physical, abstract, and intangible spaces, emphasizing the importance of emerging concepts in understanding and interpreting God's intended meaning. The study's findings indicate how the expansion of concepts and linguistic thought in Surah Al-Hashr's seven verses (2, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, and 19) begins with bodily experiences and progresses through blended spaces. This ultimately challenges and analyzes cognitive processes, thus influencing the worldview of the audience.

The Encyclopedia of the Qur'an, published by Brill, is a product of contemporary research by Western Islamic scholars. According to its editor-in-chief, Jane McAuliffe, it aims to provide a scholarly examination of Qur'anic topics. The entry on Literary Structures, authored by Issa J. Boullata, explores the stylistic and rhetorical devices of the Qur'an and attempts to present a coherent image of the Qur'an. However, the article is open to criticism regarding its academic writing principles and content. This article therefore critically examines the entry using a descriptive-analytical approach. Despite all the positive points that the entry has made about the Qur'an, it introduces a concept called Transtextuality but then discusses other topics in its text, which diminishes the academic credibility of the author and the editor-in-chief of the encyclopedia as the responsible for the articles. This is one of the most important criticisms of this article.

Based on the cognitive perspective of Johnson (1987) regarding Searle's speech act theory, each utterance carries different types of metaphorical forces. These forces are reflected in the container of the utterance, its impact on the listener, the intensity level, and the speech's external effects. Using this cognitive viewpoint to explain Searle's theory, the present study analyzes the report of the Holy Qur'an about the conversation between God and Satan and between Adam and Satan in the first encounter between Satan and Adam. Examining the corpus of 60 verses showed that three schemata of compulsion, removal of restraint, and blockage can be seen in the mentioned speech acts. God blocks Satan's compulsion force in arguing for his superiority over humans and his reasoning is refuted. God's declarative force, which is a compulsion force schema, can be observed in expelling Satan from the place of angels. On the other hand, Satan's speech acts are representative/assertive and commissive, without any real effect. The strong commissive force of Satan to mislead most humans is nullified for the audience of the Qur'an with God's force of removal of restraint. At the end of the battle and on the Day of Resurrection, contrary to all previous cases, Satan's words with humans lack force, which shows that he is in an inferior position.