درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual education on happiness and responsibility of male Students. Methodology: The present study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was eighth grade Male Students of Imam رضا school of Mashhad city in 2017-18 academic years. Totally 40 students were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups (each group 20 students). The experimental group received 10 sessions of 80-minute multidimensional spiritual education and the control group didn't receive training. The research tools were Oxford happiness questionnaire and responsibility subscale of California psychological inventory. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance methods in SPSS version-21 software. Findings: The findings showed that in the pre-test there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of happiness and responsibility (P>0.05), but in the post-test, there was a significant difference between them (P<0.05). Then, multidimensional spiritual education led to increasing happiness (F=11.79, P<0.001) and responsibility (F=5.36, P<0.025) in male Students. Conclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual education on happiness and responsibility. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and therapists use a multidimensional spiritual education method along with other educational methods to improve psychological characteristics, especially promotion happiness and responsibility.

Introduction: Social responsibility is defined as the voluntary efforts to eliminate or minimize the negative effects of business activities on stakeholders that are done by the organizations. The aim of this article is to present a model of Islamic social responsibility with an emphasis on good governance, with an interpretative structural modeling approach in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Methodology: In this study, fuzzy screening technique and interpretive structural modeling (ISM), were used to identify the criteria and the relationship between the criteria. After studying the relevant literature review and interviewing with the managers of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Findings: After analyzing the data, the variables were classified into eight different levels and were plotted according to the relations of the ISM graph. After analyzing, the variables were categorized into three groups: independent or key variables, communication variables and the dependent variables and no variables were included in the group of autonomous variables. Social responsibility in Islamic style was studied in five economic, social-political, ethical, legal, and altruism dimensions, and aspects of good governance from the scientific point of view under the five dimensions of participation, accountability, justice and equality, rule of law, and efficiency and effectiveness of the government. Conclusion: According to the results, the components of financial responsibility and economic security, attention to the benefit of society, citizens' participation, social accountability, law enforcement, equal rights, rule of law, respect for norms and values, and beliefs have high dependence and conductivity power. In the other words, the impact of these criteria is very high, and any small change on these variables causes the fundamental changes in the system.

Purpose: In the age of Communication, all aspect of education, especially sexual education, will be changed. Threats will be revealed, by inappropriate use of concepts related to sexual education. Therefore, the goal of this research was to explore the main elements of student sexual education in the age of Communication to design a model based on grounded theory. Methods: This study has a qualitative approach and grounded theory has been used as a research method. For gathering data, high level documents have been studied and interviewed 25 experts who were aware of the subject. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling method and the data were analyzed simultaneously by continuously comparisons based on Corbin and Strauss method. Results: The findings of study formed the basis of a conceptual model including the following components: Casual Condition (necessity: Awareness, directing, lack of appropriate program), phenomenon(opportunities and threats of sexual education in Communication), context conditions(Time, place and method of sexual education), intervening conditions(social-cultural structures including incorrect beliefs, parents' attitudes, family structure), strategies(Principles and Indicators of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam)and consequences(development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels). Conclusions: Basis of a conceptual model, necessity, education and social-cultural structures effected phenomenon (opportunities and threats of sexual education in Communication) in Iranian society. And strategies include of Principles and Indicators of Damage and Health of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam had to lead to development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels.

Purpose: The present study aims to study the Diagnosis of extracurricular Courses of Sport in the Educational system through employing Weisbord’s Model. Methodology: The descriptive – survey method was employed. The statistical population was all sports teachers in North Khorasan Province who were 750 people. Based on the kerjeci & Morgan table, 256 sports secretaries were identified as the sample. The data gathering tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire with 22 questions, whose questions were designed based on the Weisbord’s design. The face and content validity of this questionnaire were evaluated using the opinion of the university experts. In order to study the construct validity of this questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was 0.87. The statistical methods used in the present study included the K-S test, exploratory factor analysis, and T-test. All data analysis was done in SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results of this study showed that the identified complications in accordance with the webs board pattern in the present study, explained 75.25% of the total variance of the questions. The number of complications detected in the research includes the Weisbord’s Model in all dimensions and domains below the average level of 3. Considering the significance level below 0.05, it can be stated that these complications are in poor condition. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there are some complications in post-exercise training programs in education, all of which are in poor condition. The results of the present study indicated that goals, structure, rewards, useful mechanisms, communication, and leadership are all complications of the post-training exercise in education that all of them are in undesirable conditions.

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Comparison of Personality characteristics and Clinical syndrome owners Pets keeper and People without Pets. Methodology: The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all pets and non-domestic animals resident in the 20th district of Tehran in 2018. The sample consisted of 160 individuals with pets (80) and non-pets (80) who were selected based on available sampling. Measurement tool was McCrae and Costa's Personality characteristics questionnaire (1992) and clinical checklist Drogates and colleagues (1973). Data analysis was carried out through questionnaire implementation through spss22 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Multivariable Analyze of Variance). Findings: The results showed that the difference between the two groups was significant in all personality traits, except for neuroticism. According to the comparison of the averages, it is evident that pet owners and owners have extraversion, less openness to experience, duty, and acceptability than non-pet animals. Also, the results of multivariate analysis of clinical syndrome showed that the difference between the two groups in all clinical syndromes was significant except for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion: Regarding the comparison of the averages, it was found that pets owning and having pets have higher levels of physical complaints, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, aggression, paranoid thoughts, and psychosis.

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to identify the status of the influential components of citizenship education in the direction of cultural and social development of citizens. Methodology: Mixed inferential method (qualitative - quantitative) was considered. Statistical population included all key informants, experts and managers of urban management and quantitative part of all youth between 18-25 years in Tehran. To select the samples in the qualitative part, snowball or chain sampling method was used to identify and select key informants and in the quantitative part, stratified random sampling method was used. Citizenship education and its role in the socio-cultural development of citizens was used and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Findings: The findings of factor analysis showed that attention to strengthening of legalism, attention to strengthening the spirit of participation, attention to strengthening sense of responsibility, attention to strengthening self-confidence, attention to strengthening communication skills, attention to strengthening civil awareness. And Conclusion: focusing on strengthening the problem-solving skills of naming is one of the influential factors in citizenship education for the cultural and social development of citizens. It's desirable.