درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- Fish farming is an important source of Livelihood and nutrition for several people involved in fishing activities in Nigeria. This study aims to assess the Livelihood characteristics of the fish farmers in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approach- The study was carried-out in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. Ilorin is the Capital of Kwara State. The Research involved a 3-stage sampling procedure. The first stage involved a purposive selection of two (Ilorin East and Ilorin West) Local Government Areas in Ilorin due to the prevalence of fishing activities in the area. The second stage involved a purposive selection of five fishing settlements along the river bank in each of the two local Government Areas and the third stage involved the random selection of ten fish farmers within the fishing settlements. A total of 150 fish farmers were randomly selected for this research work. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, and mean were employed to analyze the data. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection.Findings Findings: The findings showed that involvement in other income-generating activities (mean=3.81) was the highest-ranked financial asset. Owned/leased fish ponds (mean=3.51) was the highest-ranked physical asset. The ability to network with the extension agents/experts for fish production (mean=3.61) was the highest-ranked social asset. Physically fit to carry out the fish production activities (mean=3.73) was the highest-ranked human asset. Access to water for fish production (mean=3.70) was the highest-ranked natural asset. The overall Livelihood status of the fish farmers was High (mean=3.38).Originality/value: This study is important as it would provide up-to-date information on the livelihoods of fish farmers which would drive the governments’ policy and interventions towards the fish farmers in Nigeria.  Also, the Agricultural extension programme aimed to improve fish farmers’ livelihood outcomes in fish production in Kwara State, Nigeria should improve their skills and information on areas of need which include pond water treatment, construction, and maintenance were the leading information needed by fish farmers, and to help the fish farmers overcome the factors limiting their production. 

Purpose- Undoubtedly, the correct performance of any activity and the successful performance of any role in the field of handicrafts depends on the interest and motivation of the workers to get familiar with its skills and methods and to use the special methods of that technique in the production of products. Baghlan province which is located in the northeast of Afghanistan, about 50% of the population of this province is women, and recently, most of the rural women of this province have turned to the handicraft industry of Balochi to improve their income. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the production status of the handicraft industry of Balochi women and the role of motivating factors of job performance and job satisfaction on the development of the handicraft industry of Balochi.Design/methodology/approach- The main research tool was a questionnaire the validity of which was confirmed by the lecturers of the agricultural extension and economics and the department of sociology of Baghlan university, and Cronbach's alpha confirmed its reliability. The statistical population was all the rural women working in the handicraft industry of Baghlan province, which was selected by purposive sampling (192) samples.Finding- Results showed that all three independent variables, motivational factors, job performance and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on the development of the handicraft industry of Balochi women, and explained 59% of the changes in the dependent variable. So, with confidence, it can be said that increasing motivation, job performance and job satisfaction lead to the development of the needlework industry among rural women.Originality/value– The results of this study, especially concerning due to the lack of sufficient and appropriate empirical literature in Afghanistan, can play a major role in providing correct insight to the rural development officials, job creation and poverty reduction in Afghanistan.