درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Considering the importance of human resources in e-government and emphasis on administrative health, the aim of this study was to design a model for the development of human resources in e-government with an administrative health approach. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of implementation method. In the qualitative part, the research community was experts and managers of government organizations in the field of policy making in Mazandaran province, and according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 17 of them were selected by targeted sampling methods. In the quantitative part, the research community was the employees and administrative managers of government organizations in Mazandaran province, according to Cochran's formula, 303 of them were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire (84 items) in the quantitative part, whose psychometric indicators were checked and confirmed. Qualitative part data were analyzed by coding method in Maxqda software and quantitative part data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS and Lisrel software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative section showed that for the development of e-government human resources, there are 5 components of professional development, social cultural development, organizational development, individual development and educational development, and for administrative health there are 7 components of institutional unity, manager's influence, consideration, constructiveness, resource support, morale and emphasis. Scientifically identified. Also, the findings of the quantitative section showed that the factor load and the average variance of the extracted components were higher than 0.50 and their reliability with Cronbach's alpha method was higher than 0.70. In addition, the human resources development model of e-government had a good fit with the administrative health approach, and administrative health had a positive and significant effect on the development of human resources of e-government, administrative health on its seven components, and the development of human resources of e-government on its five components(05/0P<). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, for the development of e-government human resources, it is possible to provide the basis for the realization of administrative health through the components identified for it, including institutional unity, manager's influence, considerateness, creativity, resource support, morale and scientific emphasis.

Purpose: This study was an attempt to find the impact of audio corrective feedback on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ writing improvement at micro and macro levels using static and dynamic assessment methods. Methodology: This study employs a quasi-experimental design; The study population comprises individuals residing in Yazd, Iran, aged between 22 and 30 years old, and possessing intermediate-level proficiency in the English language.Forty Iranian intermediate EFL learners were randomly chosen and assigned to two groups of static and dynamic assessment, each comprising 20 learners. Both groups received audio corrective feedback on the micro (grammatical range and accuracy and lexical resource) and macro (task response and coherence and cohesion) writing skills. The data were collected by the pre-test and post-test of writing and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The results revealed significant effects of audio corrective feedback on EFL learners' writing skills. Improvements were observed in grammatical accuracy (F = 12.45, p < 0.01), lexical resource (F = 9.67, p < 0.05), task response (F = 14.32, p < 0.01), and coherence and cohesion (F = 11.21, p < 0.01). Furthermore, comparison between the static and dynamic assessment groups showed a more pronounced improvement in the dynamic group, with significant differences in micro skills (F = 5.78, p < 0.05) and macro skills (F = 6.34, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the dynamic assessment approach had a statistically significant effect on enhancing both micro and macro-level writing skills among the participants. Notably, it had a more pronounced impact on the improvement of task response and grammatical range and accuracy. This highlights the potential of dynamic assessment as a valuable tool for educators and curriculum designers to promote more comprehensive writing skill development in Iranian EFL learners.