درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to identify, quantify, and prioritize the components of reducing the resistance of managers of government organizations in the administrative transformation plan. Methodology: The mixed study method is based on exploratory mixed study. The statistical population in the qualitative section was university professors, managers, and experts of executive systems, in the quantitative section, managers and experts of government agencies, and in the prioritization section, high and middle managers of executive systems of selected organizations. In-depth interviews were used in the qualitative part, while questionnaires were used in the quantitative part, and matrix questionnaires were used in the prioritization one. Acceptability (expert review) and confirmability (expert review) were used to determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, while in the quantitative stage, the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by three methods: form, content, and structure. Reliability was estimated and confirmed by three methods of determining factor loadings of items, Cronbach's alpha of components (between 0.760 and 0.888) and combined reliability (between 0.842 and 0.923). In the prioritization section, the content of the matrix questionnaire was approved by five academic and organizational experts in terms of comprehensibility and expressiveness, and the rate of inconsistency of the criteria was calculated and confirmed as 0.05 to 0.07. Qualitative data were analyzed with the ground theory technique, while quantitative data with structural equation modeling technique, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis tests in SPSS and Smart PLS software, and the prioritization section, data were analyzed through hierarchical analysis (AHP) in EXPERT CHOICE software. Findings: The results of the qualitative part indicated that the paradigm model includes 10 dimensions (categories) and 22 components (concepts) in the form of causal, contextual, interventional, strategy, and consequence conditions. Conclusion: The results of the quantitative part showed that all the components of the study model were confirmed. The results of the prioritization section show the greater importance of the outcome and organizational productivity component.

Purpose: Considering the importance of school anxiety and its role in the decline of other academic performance, the present study was conducted with the aim of prediction of school anxiety based on the academic self-efficacy, academic support and academic engagement of first secondary students. Methodology: The current research was a descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was all first secondary students of Tabriz city in the academic years of 2022-2023. The sample size based on the Krejcie and Morgan table was calculated 269 people, which this number were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The research tools were the questionnaires of school anxiety (Philips, 1987), academic self-efficacy (Jinks & Morgan, 1999), academic support (Sands & Plunkett, 2005) and academic engagement (Reeve, 2013). The data obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires were analyzed with the methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS software. Findings: The findings showed that all three variables of academic self-efficacy, academic support and academic engagement had a significant negative relationship with school anxiety in first secondary students (P<0.01). Also, the three mentioned variables significantly were able to predict 56.5 percent of school anxiety changes in first secondary students (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study have practical implications for people who deal with students, and they to reduce school anxiety in students can increase their academic self-efficacy, academic support and academic engagement through educational workshops.

Purpose: Parenting plays an important role in the correct guidance of children to their career path succeed. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the educational components of parents for career path success from childhood. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of exploratory. The population of this research was all the documents including books and articles about the career path success from childhood in the range of 2013 to 2022 years. According to the inclusion criteria number of 15 books and articles were selected as samples with the purposive sampling method. Data was collected by taking notes from documents. Also, to analyze the data used from Hsieh and Shannon (2005) content analysis method. Findings: The findings indicated that the educational components of parents for career path success from childhood had 6 comprehensive codes, 14 organizing codes and 56 primary codes. In this study, comprehensive codes include fostering love to learning (with 2 organizing codes of setting the context for learning and practical learning opportunities), group activity training (with 3 organizing codes of learning manners, integrating teamwork skills in everyday life and preparing to solve teamwork conflicts), training resourcefulness and resourcefulness (with 3 organizing codes of teaching the art of positive skepticism, exposing the child to resourceful and resourceful models and fostering resourcefulness skills), developing an intellectual perspective (with 2 organizing codes of providing new experiences and training of foresight), preparation for networking and conversation in the labor market (with 2 organizing codes of fostering reflective performance and fostering practical and communication skills) and age-appropriate understanding from the labor market (with 2 organizing codes of child's mental preparation for the future labor market and practical preparation for the future labor market). Finally, the pattern of comprehensive and organizing codes of educational components of parents for career path success from childhood was drawn. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, for the career path success can use from the identified comprehensive and organizing codes in this research and provide the ground for their realization.