درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: In Iran, women have major challenges and are in high conflict between the elites and the rulers. In many cases, society still emphasizes the maternal role of women more than her entry into the public arena, and this is in the fundamental contradiction of the women's management system in various forums. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to present the pattern of the status of the women's management system in the sports assemblies. Methodology: This study was performed in a combined method, the first part of which is the basis of the basis and the second part was done by scrolling. The statistical sample in the first part of the 16th sportsmen and professors and senior sports managers and in a few 141 people were studied. Data analysis in three stages of coding was open, pivotal and nucleus. In the quantitative section, the model and assumptions have been tested using the navigation method. Findings: With the analysis of 16 deep interviews and the implementation of these interviews, 125 meaningful concepts and propositions are extracted, and then from these 125 concepts, 141 corresponding concepts are pulled out. The overlap and meaning of many of the corresponding concepts led the researchers using their theoretical sensitivity to introduce and explain these 141 concepts to 27 sub -categories and ultimately 27 sub -categories with ten main categories. These ten subcategories consisting of; Identity in managerial spaces, the ability to divide, overcome gender spaces, effective control, planning, networking and communication skills, field and leadership, social support for women's management, exercise management and organizational efficiency, which are more abstracted by coding. Selection, a nuclear category as "the position of the women's management system in sports assemblies in the context of overcoming gender spaces and gaining social support for women's management in the ability to divide and organizational efficiency with women's intervention and communication skills based on field strategies and leadership, program. The centrality and management of management, despite the consequences of identifying in managerial and effective control spaces in Iranian society, appear to be realized in Iran, "which can cover all other categories. Conclusion: Considering the weakness of existing theoretical models in the field of the position of women's management system in sports associations, a new approach to explaining the management system of women in sports in Iran can help the health of women's sports.

Purpose: Organizational and administrative destructive behaviors cause many direct and indirect costs on organizations and reduce organizational progress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify antecedents of destructive organizational and administrative behaviors based on social exchange theory by meta-synthesis method. Methodology: This study was developmental in terms of objective, cross-sectional in terms of time, and qualitative in terms of data collection. The field of research included 582 articles on destructive organizational and administrative behaviors during 2000-2022. The research sample included 55 articles selected by purposive sampling method and according to inclusion criteria. The data were collected by note-taking (validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and reliability was estimated to be 0.89 by the Cohen's kappa coefficient) and analyzed by content analysis using the seven-step meta-synthesis method of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Findings: The results showed that the antecedents of destructive organizational and administrative behaviors based on social exchange theory had two main categories and six subcategories. Each of the two categories of facilitating antecedents and inhibiting antecedents included three subcategories of behavioral factors, structural factors, and contextual factors. Finally, given the categories and subcategories, a model of the antecedents of destructive organizational and administrative behaviors based on social exchange theory was drawn. Conclusion: The model of antecedents of organizational and administrative destructive behaviors based on social exchange theory designed in the present study can be used as a tool for strategic planning in the field of organizational and administrative destructive behaviors.