درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This research aims to investigate the contributions of KARDS (knowing, analyzing, recognizing, doing, and seeing) to Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) institute teachers’ professional identity reconstruction. The researchers employed purposive sampling to choose twenty teachers. A KARDS questionnaire (Hassani, Khatib, & Yazdani Moghaddam, 2019a, 2019b) was used to classify the teachers into a more KARDS-oriented group (n=10) and a less-KARDS oriented group (N=10) on the basis of their scores on the questionnaire through quartile-based visual binning technique. Pre-course interview, post-course interview, teacher educator and teachers’ reflective journals, and class discussions were employed to gather data. After the pre-course interview, there was an implementation phase during which all twenty teachers became familiar with KARDS. Then, Grounded Theory was applied to analyze the data. Findings showed that there were four big shifts from “uncertainty of practice to certainty of practice”, “the use of fewer macro-strategies to the use of more macro-strategies”, “linguistic and technical view of language teaching to critical, educational, and transformative view of language teaching”, and “conformity to nonconformity to dominant ideologies” in teachers’ professional identities in both groups. The changes were analogous and/or identical in nature but not in quantity, and they should be underscored and incorporated in teacher education programs.

This study examined the association between teacher educators’ personality traits and their interpersonal behavior at Farhangian University (Teacher Education University in Iran). A sample of 148 student teachers majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) at two branches of Iranian Teacher Education University evaluated their teacher educators’ interpersonal behavior by the questionnaire for teacher interaction (QTI). The teacher educators (N=17) also completed the QTI and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The results of correlational analyses indicated significant associations between educators’ personality traits and their interpersonal behavior. More associations were observed between educators’ personality and student teachers’ perceptions of interpersonal behavior while fewer associations were observed between educators’ personality and the educators’ self-perceptions. Moreover, the results revealed that all educators’ personality traits except for Openness were significantly correlated with the two interpersonal behavior dimensions of Influence and Proximity. When stepwise regression analyses were done for the Influence dimension, the strongest model for prediction included Neuroticism and Conscientiousness while for the second dimension, Agreeableness emerged as the sole, significant predictor of educator Proximity.

The literature on foreign language reading instruction has witnessed a significant bulk of research reporting the effectiveness of strategy instruction in improving reading outcomes. However, few studies have investigated the effects of reading strategy instruction on reading affective variables among young English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching second language (L2) reading strategies on young Iranian EFL learners’ reading self-efficacy and reading attitudes. To this end, a sample of 48 Iranian EFL learners, aged 11-13, was recruited through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 25) and a control group (N = 23). Using a quasi-experimental design, the researchers employed an experimental group that received a 12-week reading strategy instruction and a control group that were taught with the regular method without any strategy instruction. The Reading Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (RSEQ) and Reading Attitude Questionnaire (RAQ) were administered to measure the reading self-efficacy and reading attitudes of the participants as pre-test and post-test of the study. The strategy instruction intervention for the present study was based on Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA). The findings of the study indicated that the learners in the experimental group significantly outperformed those of the control group in terms of L2 reading self-efficacy. However, it was revealed that there was no significant difference between the reading attitudes of the two groups at the end of the semester. Overall, it may be concluded that EFL practitioners can incorporate teaching of reading strategies into their classrooms in order to help learners to gain both confidence and competence to address reading tasks more effectively.

بیماری همه گیر COVID-19 همه دانشگاه ها را واداشت تا تمام برنامه های خود را بصورت آنلاین ارائه دهند. اما همه مدرسان برای چنین تحول ناگهانی ای آماده نبودند. آموزش آنلاین می تواند برای مربیان و موسسات بسیار چالش برانگیز باشد چراکه دارای ظرافت های مختلفی است که آن را از برنامه های حضوری کاملا متفاوت می سازد. با توجه به شرایط حاضر همه گیری، نیاز فوری به مطالعات در خصوص بررسی اثربخشی چنین برنامه هایی در مقایسه با دوره های مشابه حضوری به شدت حس میشود. در نتیجه ، مطالعه حاضر تلاشی بود برای مقایسه اثربخشی یک دوره EAP آنلاین با دوره مشابه حضوری از نظر سه مولفه لغات ، دستور زبان و درک مطلب. شصت و هشت دانش آموز در دو گروه آنلاین و حضوری با طرح پیش آزمون-پس آزمون در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. در حالی که در شروع مطالعه دو گروه تفاوت معناداری نداشتند ، نتایج آزمون SPANOVA تفاوت معناداری را در مورد مولفه دستور زبان و نه دو مولفه دیگر نشان داد. گروه حضوری از عملکرد بهتری در یادگیری دستور زبان برخوردار بود. مصاحبه های انجام شده نشان داد که فراگیران در کلاسهای آنلاین معمولاً تعامل کمی با معلمان و همکلاسی های خود دارند و معلمان نمی توانند در طول کلاس، فراگیران را درگیر و فعال نگه دارند. همه اینها نشان می دهد که یک برنامه آنلاین، ترجمه یک برنامه درسی حضوری به یک قالب آنلاین نیست و از پیچیدگی های بی شماری برخوردار است که باید مورد توجه همه دست اندرکاران قرار گیرد.

پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تاثیر داده محور بر تشخیص و تولید هم آیی ها ی زبان آموزان با سطح توانش انگلیسی بالا و پایین متوسط پرداخت. همچنین تاثیر ثانویه داده محور بر هم آیی های ثانویه (هم آیی هایی که در واژه یاب گنجانده نشده بودند ولی به صورت مستتر در تکالیف استفاده شده بودند) نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نگرش زبان آموزان نسبت به نقش واژه یاب در یادگیری هم آیی ها و تغییر نگرش آنها در طی فرایند پژوهش نیز از طریق مصاحبه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. حدود 40 زبان آموز ایرانی به دو گروه آزمایشی و گواه تقسیم شدند. هر گروه به دو زیرگروه سطح توانش بالا و پایین نیز تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمایشی به مدت 10 جلسه به واژه یاب دسترسی داشتند تا تکلیف دوباره نویسی را انجام دهند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که زبان آموزان با سطح توانش بالا بیشتر از زبان آموزان با سطح توانش پایین از تاثیر اولیه و ثانویه واژه یاب بهره مند شدند. هر دو زیرگروه، نگرش مثبتی به تاثیر واژه یاب در یادگیری هم آیی ها داشتند و این نگرش با گذر زمان پررنگتر شد.

Complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) are measures of language proficiency in productive skills. This study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-post-test design explored whether Dynamic Assessment (DA) procedures enhances EFL teachers' writing CAF. Three 22-member groups of homogeneous teachers were randomly assigned to one control group (Non-DA), an interactionist DA group (IA-DAG), and an interventionist DA group (IV-DAG). After the nine-session treatment, the study groups took a writing post-test. A one-way ANOVA test showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group, although no significant differences were found between DA groups. Besides, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups' writing complexity. Considering accuracy, IA-DAG outperformed Non-DAG whereas no significant differences were observed between the experimental groups and between IV-DAG and Non-DAG. Fluency measures showed the superiority of DA groups to the control group. The first conclusion was that DA processes have a decisive role in improving writing skills and the CAF triad. Second, CAF components do not develop in a linear process, and employing DA procedures can be useful for its improvement. The paper has implications for language teachers and SLA researchers.

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship among English for academic purposes instructors’ interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence types, language teaching anxiety, and classroom management beliefs taking a correlational research design. To this end, a convenient sample of 98 EAP instructors were asked to complete the excerpted sections of McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire, Teacher Anxiety Scale, and Behavior and Instructional Management Scale. The results of Pearson product-moment tests revealed a significant negative relationship between interpersonal intelligence and classroom management beliefs while no significant link was observed between intrapersonal intelligence and classroom management beliefs. The same results were obtained for the possible relationship between these two intelligence types and language teaching anxiety. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship was found between EAP instructors’ language teaching anxiety and classroom management beliefs. The multiple regression analysis also showed that interpersonal intelligence could strongly predict EAP instructors’ classroom management beliefs. Furthermore, the two independent samples t-tests demonstrated that language and content instructors differed with regard to their language teaching anxiety and classroom management beliefs in EAP classes. The results were discussed in light of previously existing literature and some pedagogical implications were presented for EAP teacher training courses.