سیاحت و پیوند آن با نگرش نقاد در سیاحت نامه ابراهیم بیگ (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سیاحت نامه ابراهیم بیگ، اثر زین العابدین مراغه ای از روشنفکران عصر مشروطه است که «سفر» را دست مایه ی تشریح و نقد وضعیت فرهنگی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی ایران در آستانه ی دوره ی مشروطه قرار می دهد. ماهیت آشنایی زدایانه ی سفر، آن را به سادگی با روایت پیوند می دهد؛ روایت موقعیت های تازه و مقایسه ی آن با موقعیت معمول. این ویژگی، مؤلف سیاحت نامه را بر آن داشته تا بر خلاف سفرنامه های پیشین، درصدد ارائه ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی و ایجاد حس حیرت و شگفتی در خواننده نباشد بلکه از قابلیت روایت سفرنامه ای برای نقد و تحلیل وضعیت ایران، در امان ماندن از آسیب سانسور و نیز پیامدهای ناگوار نقد صریح در قالب مقاله و بیانیه، بهره بگیرد که هم امکان بررسی تطبیقی با جوامع دیگر را برای او فراهم می آورد و هم با استفاده از خاصیت القایی روایت داستانی، به روشنگری و تهییج مخاطبان برای تغییر وضع موجود می پردازد. این مقاله، ضمن مروری بر جایگاه سفرنامه نویسی در ایران، به سیاحت نامه ی ابراهیم بیگ به عنوان سفرنامه ای متفاوت می پردازد هم به لحاظ ژانر ادبی و سبک روایتش و هم نیت مؤلف از نگارش آن. وانگهی به شیوه ی تحلیلی-توصیفی، پیوند روایت سفرنامه ای را با نگرش نقاد تبیین می کند؛ یعنی ژانر سفرنامه را محملی برای بیان مسائلی قرار می دهد که پیش از آن سابقه نداشته است. سفرنامه بیش از هر گونه نوشتاری دیگری، قادر است تفاوت ما با دیگری را به تصویر بکشد و داشته ها و به ویژه نداشته های ما را به شیوه ای بسیار تأثیرگذار برجسته سازد. از همین رو این کتاب، نقش بسیار تعیین کننده ای در روشنگری ایرانیان در آستانه مشروطه ایفا کرده است.Traveling, and It's Relation to Critic Viewpoint in Siyahat Name- ye-Ibrahim Beyg
Introduction The defamiliarization identity of journy is simply related to narrative; the narrative of new situation and its comparison with ordinary situation. Although this term was coined for describing poetry by shklovsky, but in this paper I mean the journey itself. I will also write about the narrative of journey. Travel literature is a pliable genre, both in form and content. The difference between a travel book and other literary genres is that it has no limltation, either form or content; furthermore, diverse subject matters can come together in a travel book. Materials and Methods The current paper addresses the following question: what is th relation between travel literature and criticism? And how dose the narration portray the thoughs of the author? Thoug this article is a review of travel literature in iran, it also deals with Siyahatname –ye- Ibrahim Beyg as a different travelouge, either from the viewpoint of literary genre and style and from previous travel books as well as from the intention of author. This reseach explians the relation between travelouge narrative and critic approach by analytical-descriptive method. The case study is on Siyahatname –ye- Ibrahim Beyg, the work of Zeyn-ol-Abedin Maraqe'I,1978, (4th ed.). Tehran : Sepide Press. [In Persian] This article does not have any background in Persian literature, although almost all written works about Constitutional movement deal with the enlightening function of this book, but the influence of travel is not seen in none of those. Discussion and Results In Persian literature, travel is not so usual. Some western travellers believed Iranian people don't like travelling, for this reason, objective travel book is few in number in persian Literature; instead of, was written meny subjective or surrealist travel book; such as Manteq o tteyr, Resalat o tteyr etc. It has definetly sociol, cultural, political and philosophical reasons. one of the most important of objective travel books is Naser Khosro’s travel book and another famous book is Sa’di’s golestan that the first, is the simple report of new places in iran, the people and their beliefs and ceremonies; and second is the collection of social tales, that is unparalleled until that time. Of course writing this genre became current from Safavid priod and specially Gajar period, but they often became fascinated of the appearances of Uropean countries. Siyahtname, however, is compelitly different from them; either in spite of genre, style and the kind of narration, or for the purpose of author. Siyahatname like previous travel books dosen’t present geographic and historical informations or make impression of amazement in readers, but it seek to use from the capacity of this genre for enlightenment and persuasion of audience for changing of existant situation. It is an opportunity for express of problems that have been said in the political books, maniffestos, esseys and lecturs but tkey couldn’t effect on readers such as Siyahatname. The author chose this genre, in addition to more influence on audience, in order to make protection from the damage of censorship, and to avoid the unpleasent consequences of explicit criticism in the form of essay and manifesto, that either it provids posibility of comparison with other societies for him, or with use of suggestive function of fictional narrative, persuade the audience of his reports and make a responsibility impression for changing of that situation. Conclusion Travel book is a written form that coordinates with every kind of universe of discourse.Thus whereas dominant space was critical in decades of before than the constitutional movement, travel writing become a capable form for this purpose. Siyahatname in addition to definite a new and vast capacity for travel writing, that is, to prepare the way for cultural studies, but it's narrative device became the exposition for appearance of novel in Iran in the beginning of contemporary time. Keywords : Siyahat Name- ye-Ibrahim Beyg, Critic Viewpoint, Travel literature, Zeyn-ol-Abedin Maraqe'i. References Adams, Percy G. (1983). Travel Literature and the Evolution of the Novel , University of Kentucky Press. Retrieved from uknowledge.uky.edu, English Language & Literature › Literature in General (18/2/2017). Adamiyat, F. (1950). Iranian Constitutional Movement Ideology , Tehran: Payam Press. Maragehi , Z. (1972 ). Siyahat Name- ye-Ibrahim Beyg , 4 th ed., Tehran: Sepide Press. Rezvanian, G. ( 2016). From Narrative Writing to Story Writing , 2th ed., Mazandaran: University of Mazandaran Press. RezaGholi, A. (1999). Sociology of Authoritarianism , 12 th ed., Tehran: Ney Press. Tabatabayi, S.J. (1990). Introduction on Iran’ Decline Theory , 2th ed., Tehran: Negah e moaser Press.
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