بررسی رابطه مدیریت بحران و سازماندهی فضایی و امنیت در گردشگری (مطالعه موردی: شهر یزد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
جهانی شدن کسب و کار و بین المللی شدن ارتباطات، منجر به ایجاد بحران های رو به رشدی در عصر حاضر شده است و گردشگری، صنعتی است که نسبت به بحران هایی مانند بحران های طبیعی، اپیدمی ها، حملات تروریستی و ... بسیار آسیب پذیر است. ماهیت بحران گردشگری می تواند به صورت هرگونه رخدادی که عملکرد طبیعی مقصد گردشگری را تهدید کرده و انجام امور مرتبط با گردشگری را مختل نماید یا تهدیدی برای امنیت گردشگران باشد، تعریف گردد. فضاهای گردشگری شهری نیز به عنوان زیر مجموعه ای از فضاهای شهری و مرتبط با گردشگران در برابر بحران های انسانی و طبیعی بسیار آسیب پذیر هستند که توجه به میزان آسیب پذیری این فضاها در برابر خطرات انسانی و طبیعی، یکی از راهکارهای بسیار مهمی است که می تواند در مدیریت بحران گردشگری مؤثر باشد. بر این مبنا این مقاله بر آن است تا ضمن شناخت و تبیین انواع بحران های مرتبط با صنعت گردشگری، مؤلفه های اساسی مدیریت بحران گردشگری، یعنی امنیت، رضایتمندی و ساماندهی فضایی در فضاهای گردشگری شهر یزد و رابطه ی آنها را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. بدین منظور با بهره گیری از گویه های تبیین کننده ی مدیریت بحران گردشگری و با استفاده از توزیع پرسشنامه در میان 382 نفر از گردشگران در سطح فضاهای گردشگری شهر یزد این نتیجه حاصل شده که تمامی این گویه ها در میان فضاهای مختلف نسبت به سطح متوسط گویه ها در سطح بالاتری بوده اند. همچنین با استفاده از آزمون خی دو استقلال رابطه ی بین ابعاد مدیریت بحران با ساماندهی فضایی و ارتقای امنیت تأیید می شود و بر اساس آزمون تحلیل مسیر نقش هر یک از عوامل در مدیریت بحران مشخص می گردد. جهت تحلیل نتایج و ارائه ی راهکار، با بهره گیری از مدل سوات و با توجه به نظر کارشناسان و تکنیک دلفی، راهبردها و راهکارهای اجرایی با تاکید بر راهبردهای تهاجمی مشخص گردیده است. در این راستا انجام تبلیغات مناسب در سطح جهانی، تهیه ی طرح های جامع بحران گردشگری، فرهنگ سازی در جامعه ی بومی شهر یزد، ساماندهی فضاهای شاخص گردشگری و ... با بهره گیری از پتانسیل های بافت قدیم شهر یزد، می تواند راهکار مناسبی جهت برطرف نمودن بسیاری از نقصان های کنونی در پاسخگویی به نیازهای گردشگران باشد.An Assessment of Relationship between Tourism Crisis Management Spatial Organization and Security in Tourism (Case study: tourism spaces of Yazd)
ExtendedBusiness globalization and internationalization of communication, leading to crises has been growing today. Major events such as natural disasters, epidemics, terrorist attacks, improper management and the pressures impose on the industry. In fact, tourism crisis is defined as any event that threatens destination normal function and carry out business related to tourism may impair or threaten the safety of tourists. Urban tourism spaces are as a subset of the city's population, followed by their affinity, which are highly vulnerable to human and natural disasters. This article is based on Explaining the concept of tourism crisis management, determine situation of major components of tourism crisis management in tourist spaces of Yazd city. The results show that dimensions of tourism crisis management among the different spaces as well as physical security, political- social, economic and behavior security have been higher than average level items. To analyze the results, and outlines, using versatility crisis approach and using the SWOT model, have been found strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results. Introduction Tourism is the largest movement of people in peacetime (Movahed, 2007: 117). Today, tourism is one of the most promising activities that are referred to as the development passage (Khustavi negad, 2008: 89). Regarding the issue of tourism as the most important effects that based on available statistics, the number of tourists in the world has arrived in 2010 to 940 million (UNWTO,2011: 11) About 3/39 percent compared to 1995 And this growth was despite numerous changes and shocks caused by natural disasters and economic crises in worldwide (UNWTO,2011: 5). Urban tourism is one of the phenomena of new urban with complex mix of different activities that occur to join the environmental features and the ability to stretch the city to attract tourists and their service. Yazd city has historical, cultural heritage and adobe architecture and for this reason an important role has in attracting visitors. One of the most important factors that will require the prosperity and development of tourism in the Yazd city, safety of tourists and tourist spaces. Since the major tourist spaces of this city, located in the historical context and due to their high vulnerability, the importance of crisis management makes more necessary in these environments. This study aims according to the new issue of crisis management and the importance of tourism and the need to pay serious attention to the revenue of the industry respond to the following questions: What is the basic component of the tourism crisis in tourist spaces of Yazd? What is the relationship between tourism crisis management and spatial organizing and the promotion of safety of tourists in these places? What solution can be used to better manage of crises in the spaces of Yazd city? Materials and Methods The methodology of this study is a combination of several methods. In the first stage are used to collect information and statistics of the documentary method and in the next stage used of the field method and Factors affecting the tourism industry distinguished with emphasis crisis management. The scientific basis of this study has been established to Identify tourism spaces according to crisis and Security in front of them. In this study, for access the sample of the tourist population is proceed random sampling in each of the areas of tourism, through a questionnaire survey. Discussion and Results Discussion of tourism crisis management has a direct relationship to security and tourists' satisfaction. The criteria that could cover this issue include: Knowledge in the field of crisis for choice of destination, Institutional capability, Security (Physical security, socio-political , Economic and Behavioral security), Satisfaction of tourists from space tourism, Travel Profile, Spatial organization. According to the research question is dealing different aspects of crisis management and security, it is necessary to combine items in each dimension and then combining the main aspects of the main variables. For this reason we consider of Ratio Chi-Square test that crisis management is as dependent variable and spatial organization and security as independent variables. Chi-square test results of the relationship between crisis management and spatial organization, shows that there is a relationship between these two variables. Also in this study, with using of path analysis model has been found affecting variables of tourism crisis management. Among the multiple variables that had a significant effect, it is security index 0.017, satisfaction index 0.187 and index of spatial organization 0.074. Conclusions According to analyzes conducted in this research, And access to components of tourism crisis management and the relationship of these components with other factors, attempted that with regard to the views of tourists and as well as the use of tourism experts in Yazd and using the Delphi technique, identified Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the SWOT model and provided guidelines for them. To prioritize strategies, first of all can be used ST and WO strategies, in the second of SO strategies and ultimately defensive strategies of WT. These strategies include: -Enhance security and satisfaction of tourists in Yazd -Empowerment of indigenous people in the city for tourism development - Regarding the issue of classification of tourism spaces Yazd to tourism crisis -Upgrade facilities and tourist amenities -City known as safe pole tourism -The electronic Tourism Development References: Barton, L. (1994). Crisis Management: Preparing for and managing disasters, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 35(2): 59-65. Booth, S. (1993). Crisis management strategy, competition and change in modern enterprises, London: Routledge Press. Caplan G. (1970). The theory and practice of mental health consultation. Tavistock Publications; First British Edition edition. Clarke C.J. and Varma S. (2004). Strategic risk management: The new competitive edge, Long Range Planning, 32(4): 414–424. Eccles, G. and Costa, J. (1996). 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