بررسی اثرات گردشگری در ارتقای توانمندی های اجتماعی و روان شناختی روستاییان (مطالعه ی موردی: شهرستان مشگین شهر) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در کشورهای جهان از گردشگری به عنوان کاتالیزوری کارآمد برای بازسازی و توسعه اجتماعی نواحی روستایی یاد شده است و هدف این مقاله بررسی اثرات گردشگری در ارتقای توانمندی های اجتماعی و روان شناختی روستاییان در مناطق روستایی شهرستان مشگین شهر می باشد. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف، توسعه ای، و از لحاظ ماهیت، توصیفی و پیمایشی و نیز از نوع علی-مقایسه ای و تحلیلی است جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه روستاییان ساکن در روستای نمونه گردشگری موئیل می باشد. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده و بر اساس فرمول کوکران، تعداد نمونه مناسب برای این تحقیق 200 نفر به دست آمد؛ از سویی، برای برابری در آزمون و نتیجه، 200 از روستاییان ساکن در روستای فاقد گردشگری ساربانلار به عنوان گروه شاهد انتخاب شدند. این تحقیق به روش پیمایشی با استفاده از پرسش نامه انجام گردیده است روایی صوری پرسش نامه توسط پانل متخصصان مورد تایید قرار گرفت. مطالعه راهنما در منطقه مشابه جامعه آماری با تعداد30 پرسش نامه صورت گرفت و با داده های کسب شده و استفاده از فرمول ویژه کرونباخ آلفا در نرم افزار SPSS، پایایی پرسش نامه تحقیق 85/0 بدست آمد. نتایج آزمون t در ارتباط با ویژگی های اجتماعی و روانشناختی دو گروه نشان می دهد که بین متغیرهای مسئولیت پذیری، خوداتکایی و تقویت اعتماد به نفس با متغیر وابسته رابطه معنی داری وجود ندارد؛ اما بین متغیرهای بهبود انگیزش، انتقادپذیری، خلاقیت، مشارکت اجتماعی، توانمندسازی، انسجام اجتماعی و مسئولیت پذیری با متغیر وابسته رابطه معنی داری وجود دارد. در نهایت، با توجه به نتیجه پژوهش پیشنهادات کاربردی ارائه شده است.Role of Rural Truism on the Promotion of Psychological and Social Efficiency of Rural People (Case Study: Meshkinshahr)
Abstract In different countries of the world rural tourism is known as catalysts for reconstruction and social development in rural areas. This is a developmental study conducted in descriptive- analytical method in 2013; it generally aims at investigating the role of rural truism in promoting the psychological and social abilities of rural peoples in Meshkin shahr. Statistical society includes both rural of contain own to tourist and rural of uncontained tourist. The sample size includes 169villagers. In addition, for attainment to test and result correspondence 164 rural peoples of residing in Sarbnalr village elected. Data collection is done through a questionnaire in a survey method. Study results from t test regarding the psychological and social characteristics of the two group show that there is no significant relation between the variable of responsibility, self-confidence and self-reliance and the independent variable . but the expansion of rural tourism is significantly related with some other variables including motivation, creativity, social participation, empowerment, social consolidation. Introduction Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. In both developed and developing countries, tourism is frequently supposed to be a viable means of raising the economic activity of regions. Additionally, the development of a tourism industry has been noted to promote the destination's image, enabling the region to achieve other objectives, such as business recruitment and retention. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, tourism generates 12% of the global gross National product and it employs around 200 million people worldwide. Tourist arrivals are estimated to reach 1 billion by 2010 and 1.6 by 2020 worldwide. Rural tourism development is a rather new phenomenon when compared to traditional rural economic activities. Rural Tourism encompasses a huge range of activities, natural or manmade attractions, amenities and facilities, transportation, marketing and information systems and. rural tourism is very diverse and fragmented in terms of operational structures, activities, markets and operating environments. Rural tourism is not just farm-based tourism. It includes farm based holidays but also comprises special interest nature holidays and ecotourism, walking, climbing and riding holidays, adventure, sport and health tourism, hunting and angling, educational travel, arts and heritage tourism, and, in some areas, ethnic tourism. Rural tourism can be defined as the country experience‘which encompasses a wide range of attractions and activities that take place in agricultural or non -urban areas. The overall purpose of present research is role of rural Truism in promoting of psychological and social abilities of rural peoples in meshkinshar County. This research is followed by questions about of the tourism development connections and promoting of psychological and social abilities of rural peoples. At this respects the first, the principles of tourism theories has been discussed and then with presentation of the conceptual model of tourism for promoting of psychological and social abilities of rural peoples has been considered. Methodology This study is developmental conducted in a descriptive- analytical 2013 and generally aims at investigating the role of rural truism in promoting the psychological and social abilities of rural peoples in meshkin shahr county. Statistical society includes both rural of contain own to tourist and rural of uncontained tourist. The sample size includes 169villagers. In addition, for attainment to test and result correspondence 164 rural peoples of residing in Sarbnalr village elected. Data collection is done through a questionnaire in a survey method. Disscuison Rural tourism play important role on promoting of knowledge and awareness, decreasing of ethnic tensions, exchange of latent experience among rural people, increasing of social participation, knowledge sharing, promoting of decision-making power of rural peoples, diversification of economy activities, enrichment of pride and consolidation of destination societies, environment conversation, social well-being, the facilitation of information flow, rural people empowerment, increasing of social welfare indexes, preventing of rural people migration, improvement of capacity and ecosystems quality, promoting of productivity surface, enrichment and entrepreneurial spiritual growth, making of spatial just , enrichment of educational infrastructure, decreasing of agricultural risks, improvement of social consolidation. Result Study results from t test regarding the psychological and social characteristics of the two group show that there is no significant relation between the variable of responsibility, self-confidence and self-reliance and the independent variable . but the expansion of rural tourism is significantly related with some other variables including motivation, creativity, social participation, empowerment, social consolidation.
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