بررسی تطبیقی کیفیت زندگی در شهرهای گردشگری و غیرگردشگری (مطالعه ی موردی: شاندیز و چناران) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کیفیت زندگی شهری یکی از مهم ترین حوزه های مطالعات شهری در کشورهای مختلف است. این مهم دلیل اهمیت روزافزون مطالعات کیفیت زندگی در پایش سیاست های عمومی و نقش آن به عنوان ابزاری کارآمد در مدیریت و برنامه ریزی شهری است. هدف تحقیق حاضر کاربردی و بر پایه ی روش توصیفی- تحلیلی استوار است. جامعه ی آماری، کلیه ی سرپرستان خانوارهای ساکن در شهر های شاندیز و چناران بوده که حجم نمونه ی آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 290 نفر (شهر توریستی شاندیز 140 نفر و شهر غیر توریستی چناران 150 نفر) تعیین و برای انتخاب نمونه های آماری از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده[1] استفاده شده است که اطلاعات میدانی توسط پرسش نامه استاندارد جمع آوری گردید. نتایج یافته ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری من ویتنی نشان می دهد که از نظر برخی مؤلفه ها همانند؛ کیفیت محیط مسکونی، کیفیت سلامت و کیفیت اوقات فراغت؛ شهر توریستی شاندیز نسبت به شهر غیرتوریستی چناران در وضعیت مناسب تری قرار دارد. نتایج آزمون آماری فریدمن بیانگر آن است که؛ سطوح مؤلفه های کیفیت زندگی در هر یک از این دو شهر با همدیگر تفاوت معنادار در سطح 99درصد دارند و با توجه به مقدار میانگین رتبه ای هریک از مؤلفه های کیفیت زندگی در دو شهر مورد مطالعه، مؤلفه ی «کیفیت محیط مسکونی» بالاترین رتبه و مؤلفه ی کیفیت مشارکت اجتماعی پائین ترین رتبه را به خود اختصاص داده اند و مؤلفه های کیفیت سلامت، درآمد، اشتغال و کیفیت اوقات فراغت در شهر توریستی شاندیز به ترتیب رتبه های 2، 3 و 4 را بدست آورده اند.A Comparative Study of the Quality of Life in Tourist and Non-tourist Cities (Case Study: Shandeez and Chenara’an)
Introduction
The analysis of quality of civil environment has been considered as the first stepd towards the accomplishment of quality administration process in residential areas. Today’s situation of towns makes the authorities study, analyze, and estimate the qualities of towns and cities from different aspects. This will cause recognition of requirements needed to accomplish the job while, on the other hand, a wise& purposeful plan will be obtained to eliminate the defects & promote the urban life qualities, as well. Therefore, this study has compared the tourist town of" Shaandiz" with the non-tourist town of "Chenaran" in view of influence of tourist attractions on the level of living.
Trying to learn about the nature and characteristics of living qualities in "Shaandiz" and to compare them with non-tourist town (lacking tourist attractions so that hardly attracts travelers and visitors) of "Chenaran". The study is up to find a proper response to the question: can tourism cause the promotion of the level of living or in another word, how and to what extent; can tourism make changes to the standards of living within urban communities?
Now, based on the question that has been raised as a main question, some other questions that may raise are as follow:
How different is the standard of living in tourist town of Shandiz with non-tourist town of Chenaran?
Which one of the five living standard components i.e. social partnership, residential area, hygiene, pastime activities, employment and income is of higher importance,?
Research Methodology
The study follows an applied goal & has based on a descriptive-survey approach. In addition, the data was gathered through library as well as field studies. The number of samples is, using "Cochran relation", 290 individuals that is 14 for Shaandiz and 150 for Chenaran. The data obtained through standard questionnaires that were filled in by the samples/individuals in each town. In order to have the data analyzed, method of Mann-Whitney& T-test was engaged & a variable complex of the five components mentioned above, were compared together within the two towns. Also, the "Friedman test"was engaged to compare the importance of ranking amongst the components.
Discussion and Results
The results of the findings using the Man-Withney and T-test tests indicate that considering some components such as the quality of the residential environment, the health quality, the leisure quality and the employment and income quality, the tourist city of Shandiz is in a better condition than the non-tourist city of Chenaran. But that is, from the viewpoint of the social participation quality, the residents of the non-tourist city of Chenaran are in a better condition than those of the tourist city of Shandiz. The results of the Friedman tests indicate that the levels of the life quality components in both of these cities have a significant difference from each other up to 99%, and with regard to the mean ratings of each of the life quality components in the two cities under study, the highest rating was assigned to the “residential environment quality” component and the lowest rating, to the “social participation quality” component. The components of health, income and employment, leisure qualities in the tourist city of Shandiz obtained ranks of 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
Conclusion
Gaining the analytical results, it is noteworthy that Shaandiz has a better situation against its rival Chenaran, in view of accommodation, health, income and pastime qualities. Based on the rates of ranking average, subjected to each one of the components on each sample town the component of "accommodation quality"won the highest and the component of "social partnership quality"ranked the lowest level. However, the remaining components, i.e. health, income and pastime qualities ranked 2,3 and 4 in tourist town of Shaandiz and non-tourist town of Chenaran. Therefore, it might be concluded that there is a direct and positive relation between the rate & number of tourists and quality of accommodation or the sites they wish to stay.
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