تحلیل جایگاه گردشگری روستایی در برنامه های کلان توسعه ی کشور (با تأکید بر برنامه های پنج ساله ی توسعه ی ملی) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در دهه های گذشته، گردشگری به یکی از مهم ترین بخش های اقتصادی در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان تبدیل شده است و دولت ها سیاست های مختلفی را به منظور توسعه ی گردشگری و زیربخش های آن در مقیاس های گوناگون، از سطوح محلی تا سطح ملی، به کار گرفته اند و در این باره همکاری های بین المللی نیز رو به گسترش است. گردشگری روستایی نیز یکی از انواع مهم و روبه رشد بخش گردشگری شناخته می شود که فعالیت های مختلفی را دربر می گیرد. در دهه های گذشته به ویژه از دهه ی 1990، به دلیل رکود بخش کشاورزی و مشکلات فراروی جوامع روستایی، همواره متخصصان و برنامه ریزان توسعه ی روستایی بر اهمیت توسعه ی گردشگری روستایی، به عنوان راهبردی برای کمک به فرایند کلی توسعه ی روستایی تأکید کرده اند. مقاله حاضر با استفاده از شیوه اسنادی و تحلیل متون توسعه، جایگاه گردشگری روستایی در برنامه های کلان توسعه ی کشور با تأکید ویژه بر برنامه های پنج ساله ی توسعه را مورد ارزیابی قرار می دهد. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که تا برنامه ی چهارم ( 1388-1384 ) گردشگری روستایی جایگاه مشخص و قانونی در برنامه ی توسعه ی کشور نداشته است، در این برنامه به طور هر چند گذرا توسعه ی گردشگری روستایی به عنوان یکی از فعالیت های دارای مزیت نسبی در نواحی روستایی معرفی شده است. در برنامه ی پنجم (1394-1390)، برای نخستین بار حمایت از گردشگری روستایی در چارچوب اختیارات سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری مطرح گردید. اما در این برنامه نیز جایگاه گردشگری روستایی در چارچوب فرایند کلی توسعه ی یکپارچه ی روستایی به روشنی مشخص نشده است و به عنوان پدیده ای که می تواند، با توجه به ویژگی های متنوع سکونتگاه های روستایی کشور به صورت اشکال و الگوهای متعدد توسعه یابد به متنوع سازی فعالیت ها و توسعه ی اقتصادی روستاها کمک کند، مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است.An Analysis of Rural Tourism Development in Iran - Macro Developmental Programs with Emphasis on Five-yearNational Development Plans
Extended Introduction In the past decades tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries all over the world and governments are implementing various policies to develop tourism and its subdivisions in Different scales from local to national levels. Rural tourism is also recognized as an important and growing sector of tourism that includes different activities. Since 1990s, due to the downturn in agricultural sector, and problems facing rural communities, rural development experts and planners emphasize rural tourism as an economic springboard for rural development. This study explores status of rural tourism development in national five-year plansthrough documentary and text analysis methods. During the past decades, gradually and increasingly rural tourism and other tourism subjects have become one of the most important topics in scientific studies and academic literature of Iran, especially in geography,social sciencesand other disciplines. Some of the major works are: Eftekhari and Ghaderi (2003), Rezvani (2004), Rezvani and Safaei (2005), Sanaei (2007), Aligholizahed Firuzjanei et al. (2007), Mahdavi Hajiluei et al. (2008), Mafi and Saghaei (2008), Amar and Brenjkar (2009), Eftekhari et al. (2010), Taleb et al. (2010), Rasegh Ghezalbash (2010), Karim Zaheh (2010), Papzan et al. (2010), Ghanian et al. (2011), Jomeh Pour and Ahmadi (2011), Faraji Sabokbar et al. (2012). Despite this condition, until now in national five-year programs and others national policies, rural tourism not been considered as a developmental strategy in relation to rural development process. As well as some incomprehensive actions of Cultural Heritage Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, such as selection of "touristic target villages" from different areas of country cannot be considered as an integrated national rural tourism development strategy. Therefore, overcome or resolve this problem, that represents a gap between academic sector on one side and national authorities and executive sector on the other side, can provide appropriate situation for implement various forms of rural tourism to contribute rural development in the framework of comprehensive national development policies and programs. Therefore, based on above discussions research questions are: how is the rural tourism situation in fiver-year national development programs of Islamic Republic of Iran─ as a new paradigm that has emerged from the world-wide in the context of rural development? Where is the initiation of rural tourism in five-year national development programs of Islamic Republic of Iran? Which programs is paying more attention to rural tourism development? And finally, whether development of rural tourism is considered in the framework for overall process of rural development? Materials and Methods The approach of this research is based on documentary methodology. First theoretical subjects and related concepts in tourism and especially in rural tourism development have been discussed. Then separately the national five-year development program lows texts of Islamic Republic of Iran were analyzed; based on this extract and obtained related data to research. Then rural tourism data analyzed in relation to each of national development programs. In this regard, time sequences of national development programs were considered. Finally, the total of research finding discussed and based on this proposed some solutions. Discussion and Results Result shows that until forth plan rural tourism has not remarkable and considerable importance in five-year national development programs of Iran. But, has been introduced one of the activities that have a comparative advantage in rural areas. In fifth plan for the first times supporting of rural tourism considered within authority of Organization of Cultural Heritage Handicrafts and Tourism. But also in this program rural tourism is not clearly considered and defined within the overall process of integrated rural development. In general, what being understood from the content of the fourth and fifth five-year national development programs indicate that, as yet not exist comprehensive perspective on development of rural tourism as a national strategy. Conclusion This research with emphasis on successful experiences of rural tourism development in different parts of the world, and growing trend of rural tourism studies in global and national scales, study situation or status of rural tourism development in fiver-year national development programs of Islamic Republic of Iran. Result show that until now rural tourism not considered as a comprehensive approach to rural tourism development in five-year national development programs of Iran. Finally, Based on research result, for fill the gap between academic and administrative sectors, also for access and achievement of rural tourism as a comprehensive and integrated policy in framework of national sustainable rural development strategy, it is necessary to overcome structural barriers that restrict or prevent access to rural tourism development in national level and its subdivisions.
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