کاربرد تکنیک مدل سازی ساختاری تفسیری (ISM) در مطالعات گردشگری (تحلیلی با رویکرد آسیب شناسانه) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه صنعت گردشگری به بزرگترین صنعت خدماتی جهان از لحاظ درآمدزایی تبدیل شده است. گسترش صنعت گردشگری علاوه بر ابعاد وسیع اقتصادی همچون ایجاد فرصت های شغلی، درآمدزایی، کاهش فقر و افزایش رفاه در جامعه، بر ابراز هویت ملی، ایجاد امنیت اجتماعی و گسترش عدالت اجتماعی در جامعه نیز تأثیر گذار است. بر اساس آمار، کشور ایران تا به امروز، به دلیل موانع موجود در مسیر توسعه ی این صنعت با وجود برخورداری از موقعیت ممتاز گردشگری نتوانسته است در این حوزه پیشرفت چندانی داشته باشد. از این رو این پژوهش با هدف تجزیه و تحلیل موانع توسعه گردشگری در ایران با استفاده از تکنیک مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری به مرحله ی اجرا در آمده است. این روش جزو روش های تجزیه و تحلیل سیستم ها می باشد که به بررسی تعاملات میان عناصر سیستم می پردازد. به منظور خوشه بندی موانع توسعه گردشگری نیز از روش MICMAC استفاده شده است. از آنجایی که این روش مبتنی بر نظر خبرگان می باشد، از نظرات 13 متخصص در صنعت گردشگری و اساتید دانشگاهی استفاده شده است. یافته ها نشان داد که «تحریم های دنباله دار اقتصادی و سیاسی»، «تعدد مراکز سیاستگذاری و عدم تعامل میان آنها»، «محدودیت های فرهنگی و مذهبی برای گردشگران خارجی»، «عدم حمایت دولت از سرمایه گذاری در بخش گردشگری» و «عدم تشویق بخش خصوصی برای سرمایه گذاری» از تأثیرگذار ترین موانع توسعه ی گردشگری به حساب می آیند.Applying Techniques of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) in Tourism Studies (A Pathological Approach)
Extended
Introduction
Today, tourism has become the largest service industry in the world in terms of revenue. The development of tourism industry, in addition to its effects on economic dimensions such as creating career opportunities, income, decreasing poverty and increasing social welfare, affects in the expression of the national identity, the creation of the social security and the extension of the social justice. Tourism development, especially for developing countries is facing with problems such as high unemployment, limited financial resources and economic monoculture, has a great importance. Tourism industry is the most promising and most complex facing the third world, because income has the greatest potential to replace other industries. According to statistics, Iran, up to now, Because of the barriers to the development tourism industry, despite having a privileged position, hasn't been enough progress in this subject.so the identification, survey and analysis of the barriers to the development of this industry in Iran as a developing country is necessary. The strategic aims of the article identify and prioritize obstacles facing tourism industry in the use of interpretive structural modeling techniques.
Materials and Methods
Interpretive structural modeling method is one of the systems' analysis methods which examine the interactions between system’s components. This method has been used in this paper in order to analyze the interactions between barriers to the development of tourism in Iran. One of the main logic of this approach is that it has more impact on other elements of a system in which the elements are of greater importance. In conclusion, we can say that not only insight into the ISM model provides relations among various elements of a system but also It provide structure is based on the importance or impact on structural elements in each other And Image Showcase. Besides, MICMAC method has been utilized in order to cluster these barriers. Since this method is based on experts’ opinions, the opinions of 13 experts in the tourism industry and universities’ professors have been used.
Discussion and Results
In this study, 12 key obstacles are selected the base of experts mode. In this research, Experts were asked that in their opinion whether this obstacle is one of the main obstacles to the development of tourism in Iran or not. About select obtained the barriers from the literature, the mode of experts are used. This means that if have consensus the majority of people on a main obstacle In order to analyze selected And the obstacles that it is not elected by majority vote, its cause is excluded. The findings showed that "continuous economic and political sanctions ", “the number of policy centers and the lack of the interaction between them ", " cultural and religious restrictions for foreign tourists ",” the lack of government support over investing in the tourism sector " and “ the lack of encouragement of private sector investment " are the most influential barriers to tourism development in Iran.
Conclusions
This study identify and to analyze the obstacles of the tourism development in Iran. The research has offer new insight about the nature of the obstacles in the development of tourism in the country. In order to main logic of the method is used (ISM Method),that is approach in the design and analyzing system, Obstacles that have most influence on other factors have been identified as the most important factor. According to the experts' opinion and using structural matrix and irrelative power, 12 obstacles have been identified about tourism in Iran. The results show that the greatest impact of economic sanctions on the trail - political (8irritative power) and the lowest Related is in the absence of a coherent and systematic marketing (1 irrelative power).
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