ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر ضعف و نارسایی قوانین حقوقی گردشگری در ایران با رویکرد تحلیل شبکه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه گردشگری یکی از منابع مهم در آمد کشورها به شمار می رود. با وجود این به منظور پویایی این فعالیت، تدوین قوانین حمایتی برای روشن شدن وضعیت حقوقی گردشگرانبین المللیو گردشگران داخلی ضروری است. هر چند که حقوق گردشگری در ایران تحت عنوان قوانین و مقررات سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری گرد آوری شده است، اما با توجه به تحقیقات انجام شده، ضوابط مذکور دارای کاستی هایی است که نیاز به بازنگری و اصلاح دارند. این ضعف ها و نارسایی ها تحت تأثیر عوامل متعددی به وجود آمده است و مقاله ی حاضر در پی کشف این عوامل و تعیین میزان اثر بخشی آن هاست. به منظور تعیین روابط و وابستگی های بین این معیارها از روش دیماتل استفاده شده است.بعد از به دست آوردن روابط و وابستگی میان معیارها نوبت به وزن دهی آن ها می رسد. این ارزش گذاری به صورت مقایسه ی زوجی انجام گرفته است. برای این کار تعداد 57 پرسشنامه از سوی کارشناسان پاسخ داده شده و جمع آوری گردید. نتایج پرسشنامه از طریق مدل کپ لند مورد محاسبه قرار گرفت.در ادامه سوپر ماتریس های مربوط به فرآیند تحلیل شبکه ای محاسبه و در نهایت وزن معیارها و زیرمعیارهای مورد نظر به دست آمد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که از میان سه معیار اصلی پژوهش عوامل ساختاری مدیریتی، بیش ترین تأثیر را بر نارسایی قوانین گردشگری ایران دارند و بعد از آن عوامل اجرایی و محتوای قوانین اثر بخش ترین عوامل هستند. همچنین از میان زیر معیارهای مورد بررسی، تعدد مراکز تصمیم گیری و تداخل وظایف سازمان های مرتبط بیشترین نقش را در نارسایی قوانین گردشگری دارد. واژگان کلیدی:حقوق گردشگری، ضعف و نارسایی، فرآیند تحلیل شبکه ای(ANP)Assessment of Factors Affecting on Weakness and Insufficiency of Rules Tourism in Iran with Analytic Network Process
Extended Introduction Today, tourism is an important source of income and an important factor in cultural exchanges among countries. However, in order to boost this activity, there should be attempts at clarifying the legal status of international tourists and domestic tourists. Development of international tourism and along with it arrival of foreign tourists there is need to better clarify the rules and regulations that can help protect the rights of tourists. Formulation and enforcement of rules relating to tourism, in fact is an attempt to speed up and target tourism activities. In Iran, however, drafting regulations in many cases, not only did not help accelerate the emergence of tourism-related activities but also it did not even help in solving the problems related to visa and passport in. Although tourism rules in Iran are set under the rules and regulations of the country's Cultural Heritage Organization, it seems the rules have shortcomings that need to be reviewed and improved. Given the importance of this issue, the need for a vibrant tourism activity is not merely for economic goals and for generating revenues, but to restore Iran's position in the regional and international arena. The weaknesses and shortcomings have been influenced by several different factors. This paper seeks to explore these factors and attempts to determine their effectiveness using the ANP. Materials and Methods The research methodology used in this article is descriptive - analytical. In order to determine the relationships and dependencies between these criteria, DEMATEL method is used. This approach was conducted in super-decision software. To do this, 57 questionnaires were answered by experts. The results of the questionnaires which were gained by the Copeland model were assessed. Then, the super matrix analysis of the network and the weights of criteria and sub-criteria were computed, respectively. Discussion In the framework of the survey done using analytic network process among the three main criteria surveyed, the structural-managerial factors (with 0/184), administrator factors (with 0/140) and content factors (with 0/098) played the main role in the weakness and insufficiency of tourism.Though each of these criterias and insufficiency of tourism rules have a direct and signification relationship but based on research findings, structural-managerial factors are the most effective on weakness and insufficiency of tourism rules. Alternative S1 (multiplicity of decisions centers and overlapping tasks of organization) is an important component in structural - managerial criteria with a value of 0/045; this has the greatest impact on the weakness of tourism rules. After that, alternative E5 (lack of monitoring of relevant organizations on the enforcement of tourism rules) which is a component executive criteria has the greatest impact on the shortcomings of tourism rules. Also, the analysis indicates that the sub-criteria C3 (old tourism rules in Iran and out of date rules according to needs of society) which is one of the components of content criteria,has the least impact on the weakness of tourism rules. Table 1:paired comparison of criteria Final weight Relative weight executive Content Structural– managerial Criteria 0/184 0/356 3 2 1 Structural – managerial 0/098 0/131 0/33 1 Content 0/140 0/232 1 Executive Conclusion Survey shows that the Iran has a poor legislative policy when it comes to tourism. A large number of organizations and decision-making bodies are witnessing huge inconsistencies among the various tasks, when it comes to rules and regulations related to tourism industry in Iran. This can lead to sizable loss of time and money; it can even interfere in people's jobs and responsibilities.
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