مطالب

The present study aimed to predict the tendency toward cosmetic treatments based on early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy among married men applying for cosmetic surgery and non-applicant in the province of Yazd in 2020. The descriptive-correlation method is used. The statistical population of this study was all married men who applied for cosmetic surgery referred to relevant clinics and non-applicant married men in Yazd. According to this, a sample of 200 people, including 100 applicants and 100 non- applicant who were selected by available sampling. Then, Early maladaptive Schemas scale (Yang, 1998) and Bagarozzi's marital intimacy questionnaire (2001) were distributed among the subjects and after completing the questionnaires, the results were analyzed through logistic and Pearson correlation calculation. There is a significant relationship between different domains of early maladaptive schemas and intimacy of couples; Also, The findings showed that early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy predict the tendency for cosmetic surgery in married men. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the three maladaptive schemas of autonomy and dysfunctional functioning, acceptance, cut and rejection, as well as the interference component in social performance of body image, respectively, had the highest share in predicting the tendency for cosmetic surgery, respectively. The schemas in a person's life act as lenses that shape the interpretation, selection, and evaluation of one's experiences. Considering the role of early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy in predicting the tendency to cosmetic surgery in this study, it is suggested to provide psychological treatments, especially schema therapy and couple therapy, before cosmetic surgery.

Applying grounded theory (GT) as a systematic methodology, this study was to present a model for the career path adaptability (CPA) of teachers. The statistical population consisted of the experts and teachers affiliated to the Department of Education (DoE) in Iran, in the 2018-19 academic year calendar, and the samples (n=17) were selected based on snowball sampling, as a purposeful method. For this purpose, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used as the data collection tool, and the data were then analyzed via content analysis with coding. In this line, the central phenomenon, accompanied by the main categories and subcategories, was extracted. To code the given data, 198 codes were initially identified, and 41 subcategories were subsequently formed. To validate the interviews, triangulation, member checking, and peer review were further practiced. Besides, the test-retest and inter-rater reliability techniques were exploited for the reliability purposes. In accordance with the GT outcomes, CPA as the central phenomenon was realized with respect to causal conditions, viz., organizational, career-related, personal conditions, through the strategies of career advancement, learning and training, human resources (HR) attraction/selection/recruitment, and motivation, by taking account of effective underlying conditions, namely, HR development requirements, motivational conditions, organizational culture, and leadership style. However, this phenomenon, not protected from economic, political, organizational, and personal contexts, as the intervening factors, had induced a number of outcomes, e.g., a descending trend in leaving one’s job, increased job satisfaction, higher levels of organizational commitment, delegation of authority, and cost reduction for the DOE and teachers. Ultimately, the study results gave rise to designing a CPA model for teachers, containing a central phenomenon, along with causal conditions, underlying conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and outcomes.

Nowadays, the role of motivation is important in all activities, including education and achieving academic progress, and it is necessary to analyze it. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the causal model of academic motivation based on perceived teacher support and academic optimism, the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and the effectiveness of the educational program derived from the model on students' academic engagement. As the results showed, the level of academic achievement motivation, perceived teacher support, academic optimism, academic self-efficacy and academic involvement of girls was slightly higher than that of boys, but this difference was not statistically significant. Also, from the students' point of view, the teacher's perceived support on the motivation to progress and academic self-efficacy; Academic optimism affects the motivation to progress and academic self-efficacy affects the academic motivation of students. The research method in this combined article includes; The descriptive method is of correlation type and it is a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.The result of this research contains the statement of the relationship between students' academic motivation based on perceived social support and academic optimism with automatic mediation, which all these factors lead to the explanation of effective academic engagement