درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Due to overlap between stock markets and financial markets, this study was an attempt to examine the herding behavior in the Iranian stock market and the crude oil, foreign exchange and gold markets. For this purpose, in this research, monthly data between 2011 and 2020 for Tehran Stock Foreign exchange were used. The results of the study based on two criteria explaining herding behavior indicate the existence of herding behavior of the stock market and crude oil, gold and foreign exchange markets. The results also show that it has had different ef-fects on herding behavior in different periods. This issue has also been different in increasing and decreasing market periods. Therefore, gold is introduced as an important asset that influences herding behavior. Also, during the decreasing period of the stock market, herding behavior is not affected by the exchange and crude oil market, and in this period, the behavior of investors and investment risks in the stock market can be predicted without considering the exchange and crude oil market.

This paper aimed to explore IT innovations used in sustainable business models in the European single energy market. For this purpose, the academic literature and content analyses of organized marketplaces were performed. The results showed that end users are not always interested in changing the service and try to choose services/resources well known to them. At the same time, market operators see the need for radical change by introducing strategic innovations and digitizing energy markets. Sustainable e-government management models are typically sustained by IoT, blockchain, and smart grid management technologies.

"Organizational culture" is a shared and relatively stable pattern of basic values, beliefs, and convictions in an organization. Considering the importance of organizational ethical culture in the country, and especially in public and private organizations, also considering the role of culture as a guarantee of stability in this organization. This descriptive-analytical research aims at identifying and leveling the factors affecting the organizational ethical culture in the audit firm by applying The Pairwise comparisons ISM method was performed.Method:For this purpose, by using the studies and research done in the past and also benefiting from the opinions of fifteen university professors and employees of the auditing organization, the factors affecting the organizational culture were investigated and after the final approval, 9 factors were selected. In the next steps, these factors are used in the research with the interpretive structural modeling technique and with the method of ISM pairwise comparisons and EXCEL software.Findings:Finally, among the investigated factors on "organizational ethical culture", five general levels were classified. The "Working pressure" was selected as the first level. At the second level, the parameters of "performance measurement system", "power structures", and "incentive and punishment systems" were confirmed. The third level also includes "management of educational programs" and "organizational norms". The fourth level is dedicated to "Employee Behaviors". Finally, the fifth level, the most influential parameter of "Organizational Ethical Culture", was declared to be trusted.